Material Properties
Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more
• Density
Density of different solid materials, liquids and gases. Definitions and convertion calculators.
• Boiling point
Documents giving boiling point of elements and different kind of chemical species at varying conditions
• Melting point - freezing point
Documents giving melting or freezing point of elements and different kind of chemical species at varying conditions
• Viscosity
Documents giving viscosity of different kind of chemical species at varying conditions
Absolute, Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity
Dynamic, absolute and kinematic viscosities - convert between CentiStokes (cSt), centipoises (cP), Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU) and degree Engler
Acetylene
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Acetylene
Acid and base pH indicators
Colors and pH range for color change of acid base indicators is given together with pKa and structures of the indicators
Acid-base properties of aqueous solutions of salts with ions from both acids and bases
Many salts contains ions that affect the pH in an aqueous solution in both acidic and basic direction
Acids - pH Values
pH of common acids like sulfuric, acetic and more
Air - Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity
Absolute (dynamic) and kinematic viscosity of air at temperatures ranging -40 - 1000oC (-40 - 1500oF) at standard atmospheric pressure - Imperial Units
Air - Altitude, Density and Specific Volume
Density and the specific volume of air vary with elevation above sea level
Air - Density and Specific Weight
Density and specific weight of air at temperatures ranging -40 - 1000oC (-40 - 1500oF) at standard atmospheric pressure - Imperial and SI Units
Air - Molecular Weight
Dry air is a mixture of gases where the average molecular weight (or molar mass) can be calculated by adding the weight of each component
Air - Temperature, Pressure and Density
Air density for pressure range 0 - 1000 psi and temperature range 30 - 600 deg F
Air Composition
Dry air is a mechanical mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and more
Air Properties
Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, expansion coefficient, kinematic viscosity and Prandtl's number - air temperature ranging -150 oC to 400 oC
Air Properties - Imperial Units
Thermodynamic properties of air at low pressures - imperial units
Air Properties - SI Units
Ideal gas properties of air at low pressures - in SI units
Air Solubility in Water
Amount of air that can be dissolved in water - decreases with temperature and increases with pressure
AISI/SAE Steel - Numbering System
AISI/SAE steel numbers
Alcohols and carboxylic acids - physical data
Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, pKa-values, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule are given for 150 different alcohols and acids
Alloy Steels
An alloy steel has properties due to elements other than carbon
Alloys of Metals - Melting Points
Alloys of metals and their melting points
Alternative Fuels - Properties
Properties of alternative fuels like Biodiesel, E85, CNG and more
Aluminum - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Al - Aluminum - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Aluminum Alloys - Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties of some common aluminum alloys
Aluminum Alloys - Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties of aluminum alloys - tensile strength, yield strength and more
Amines, diamines and cyclic organic nitrogen compounds - pKa values
Values for the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant, pKa, of the conjugated acid of amines, diamines and cyclic organic nitrogen compounds, shown together with the molecular structure of the acids.
Ammonia
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Ammonia
Ammonia Liquid - Thermal Properties
Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and more
Antifreeze and Required Amount
Protected cooling system temperature and required amount of antifreeze
Antifreeze Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol
Comparing ethylene glycol and propylene glycol properties as antifreeze
API Gravity
API gravity express the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. Conversion calculator API - specific gravity
Argon
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Argon
Arsenic - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
As - Arsenic - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Autoignition temperature and flash point of different hydrocarbons
Autoignition temperature and flash point ( °C and °F) of different types of hydrocarbons with varying carbon number up to C12
Average boiling point
Definition, explanation and examples of calculation of various types of average boiling point of petroleum products and other mixtures of hydrocarbons: VABP, MABP, WABP, CABP and MeABP
Average boiling point from gravity and molecular weight
Formulas and examples of calculation of boiling point of hydrocarbon mixtures from gravity and molecular weight
Bases - pH Values
Some common bases as sodium hydroxide, ammonia and more
Benzene Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Benzene Gas - C6H6 - at temperatures ranging 250 - 900 K
Benzene Liquid - Thermal Properties
Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity ...
BHN - Brinell Hardness Number
The Brinell hardness test of metals and alloys
Boiling Point of Water and Altitude
Elevation and boiling point of water
Boiling Points for common Liquids and Gases
Boiling points of some common liquids and gases - acetone, butane, propane ..
Brick Densities
Densities of common types of bricks
Brix Scale
Brix vs. Specific Gravity and Plato - content of sucrose - used in the sugar, fruit juice and wine making industry
Bulk Modulus and Fluid Elasticity
Introduction to - and definition of - Bulk Modulus Elasticity commonly used to characterize compressibility of fluids
Butane
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of n-Butane
Calcium Chloride and Water
Freezing point, density, specific heat and dynamic viscosity of Calcium Chloride Water coolant
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Classifications
Steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, columbium (niobium), molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium
Carbon Dioxide Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Carbon Dioxide gas - CO2 - temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K
Carbon Dioxide Properties
Properties of saturated liquid Carbon Dioxide - CO2 - density, specific heat, kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl number
Carbon Dioxide Properties - Imperial Units
Properties of saturated liquid Carbon Dioxide - CO2 - density, specific heat, kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl number
Carbon Monoxide
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Carbon Monoxide - CO
Carbon Monoxide - Specific Heat
Carbon Monoxide Gas - CO - specific heat of at temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K
Ceramic Materials Properties
Physical properties of ceramics
Chemical Resistance of Rubbers and Elastomers
Rsistance to chemicals - solvents and softeners - swelling properties
Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion
Linear temperature expansion coefficients for aluminum, copper, glass, iron and other common materials
Combustion of Fuels - Carbon Dioxide Emission
Environmental emission of carbon dioxide CO2 when combustion fuels like coal, oil, natural gas, LPG and bio energy
Combustion of Wood - Heat Values
Firewood and combustion of wood heat values - for species like Pine, Elm, Hickory and more
Composition of Steels
Typical composition of steels
Compressed Water Properties
Specific volume, enthalpy and entropy of compressed water
Compression and Tension Strength of some common Materials
Common materials and average ultimate compression and tension strength
Concrete - Properties
Properties of normal strength Portland cement concrete
Concrete Mixtures
Cement, sand and gravel mixtures
Copper Alloys and Typical Applications
Typical use of copper alloys in architecture, automotive, electrical, building wire, energy, tube, pipe fittings, fuel gas, industrial and marine applications
Copper Binary Eutectic Alloys - Melting Points
Cu - Copper - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Copper, Zinc and Tin Alloys
Strength of Copper, Zinc and Tin alloys
CPVC - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of CPVC - Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) - pipes
Crude oil metal (Ni, V) content as function of gravity
Content of nickel and vanadium in more than 120 crudes is shown as function of specific gravity@15°C/60°F
Crude oil viscosity as function of gravity
Viscosity at 20°C/68°F and 50°C/122°F for more than 120 crudes is shown as function of specific gravity@15°C/60°F
Cryogenic Fluids - or Liquefied Gas Properties
Cryogenic properties as density, boiling points and heat of evaporation for fluids like hydrogen, methane, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine and helium
Densities of Common Materials
Densities of common products in both Imperial and SI-units
Densities of Solids
Densities of common solids
Densities of Wood Species
Densities of wood species like apple, ash, cedar, elm and more
Density Converter
Online density converter with commonly used units
Density of aqueous solutions of inorganic chlorides
Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of inorganic chlorides in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution.
Density of aqueous solutions of inorganic potassium salts
Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of potassium salts in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution.
Density of aqueous solutions of inorganic sodium salts
Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of inorganic sodium salts in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution.
Density of aqueous solutions of organic acids
Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, D-lactic acid, oxalic acid and trichloroacetic acid in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution.
Density of aqueous solutions of organic substances as sugars and alcohols
Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of some sugars, alcohols and other organic substances in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution.
Density of aqueous solutions of some inorganic substances
Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of inorganic substances in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution.
Density of crude oil as function of temperature
Variations in crude oil density are shown as function of temperatur, together with volume correction factors.
Density of fuel oils as function of temperature
Variations in fuel oils density are shown as function of temperatur, together with volume correction factors
Density of jet fuel as function of temperature
Variations in jet fuel density are shown as function of temperatur, together with volume correction factors.
Density of lubricating oil as function of temperature
Variations in lubricating oil density are shown as function of temperatur, together with volume correction factors.
Density, Specific Weight and Specific Gravity
An introduction to density, specific gravity and specific weight - formulas with examples
Dichlorodifluoromethane Properties
Properties of saturated liquid Dichlorodifluoromethane R-12 - CCl2F2 - density, specific heat capacity, kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl number
Dichlorodifluoromethane Properties - Imperial Units
Properties of saturated liquid Dichlorodifluoromethane - CCl2F2 - density, specific heat, kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl number
Dielectric Constants of common Liquids
Common fluids and dielectric constants or permittivities
Dimethyl Propylmethane Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Dimethyl Propylmethane Gas - C6H18 - at temperatures ranging 250 - 800 K
Dirt and Mud - Densities
Densities - pound per cubic foot and kilograms per cubic meter - for dirt and mud
Ditch Filling Materials - Densities
Weight or density of ditch filling materials
Dry Air Properties
Dry air properties at temperatures ranging 175 - 1900 K - specific heat, ratio of specific heats, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, density and kinematic viscosity
Drying Temperatures and Time for common Products
Drying temperature and time for common products - like food, coffee, fruits, lumber and more
Dust Explosions - Critical Temperatures and Concentrations
Critical temperatures and concentration parameters for substances like coal, zinc, uranium and more
Dynamic Viscosity of common Liquids
Absolute - dynamic - viscosity for some common fluids
Elastomers
Natural and syntetic rubbers
Elements - Melting Points
Melting points of the elements
Elements of the Periodic System
The elements of the periodic system with names, symbols, atomic numbers and weights, melting and boiling points, density, electronegativity and electron affinity, and electron configuration
Emissivity Coefficients for some common Materials
Radiation emissivities of some common materials like water, ice, snow, grass and more
Emissivity Coefficients of some common Materials
The radiation heat transfer emissivity coefficient of some common materials as aluminum, brass, glass and many more
Engineering Materials
Typical properties of engineering materials like steel, plastics, ceramics and composites
Epoxy - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of Epoxy to common products as Acetic acid, Alcohol, Diesel oil and more
Ethane
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Ethane - C2H6
Ethane Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Ethane Gas - C2H6 - for temperatures ranging 250 - 900 K
Ethane Liquid - Thermal Properties
Density, specific heat and more of liquid ethane
Ethanol Freeze Protected Water Solutions
Freezing and flash points of ethanol based water solutions or brines
Ethylene Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Ethylene Gas - C2H4 - temperatures ranging 175 - 900 K
Ethylene Glycol Heat-Transfer Fluid
Freezing point, viscosity, specific gravity and specific heat of ethylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids, or brines
Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites
Mechanical properties of fibers used to reinforce polymer composites
Flash Point
A flash point indicates how easy a chemical may ignite and burn
Float Glass - Weight
Weight of float glass
Fluids - Latent Heat of Evaporation
Latent heat of vaporization of fluids - alcohol, ether, nitrogen, water and more
Fluids - Specific Gravities
Specific gravities for some common fluids like acetone, alcohol, turpentine, oil and more ..
Food and Foodstuff - pH Values
pH in common food products - like apples, butter, wines and more ..
Food Products - Bulk Densities
Bulk densities of some common food products
Food Products - Viscosities
Absolute or dynamic viscosity for some common food products
Fossil and Alternative Fuels - Energy Content
Listing of net (low) and gross (high) energy content in fossil and alternative fuels, together with a description of energy content measurement
Freezing and Melting Points for common Liquids
Common fluids and their freezing and melting points
Fuels - Density and Specific Volume
Densities and specific volumes of some common fuels - anthracite, butane, gasoil, diesel, coke, oil, wood and more
Fuels Properties Database
Online petroleum-based fuels properties database
Fusion and Evaporation Heat of common Materials
Melting points, heat of fusions, boiling points and heat to evaporate common substances - like hydrogen, water, gold and more ..
Gas Data
Online database with gas properties
Gases - Density
Densities and molecular weights of some common gases - acetylene, air, methane, nitrogen, oxygen and others ..
Gases - Dynamic Viscosity
Absolute viscosities of gases
Gases - Molar Specific Heat
Molar specific heats of gases at constant volume
Gases - Specific Gravities
Specific gravity of air, ammonia, butadiene, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and some other common gases
Glycerine - Boiling and Freezing Points
Boiling and freezing points of glycerine aqueous solutions
Gold - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Au - Gold - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Heat Capacity
The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to change its temperature by one degree, and has units of energy per degree
Heat of combustion
Tabulated values of heat of combustion (= energy content) of common substances, together with examples showing how to calculate the heat of combustion
Heavy Water - Thermodynamic Properties
Thermodynamic properties of heavy water (D2O) - density, melting temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more
Helium
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Helium - He
Human Body and Specific Heat
Specific heat of the human body - compared to substances like protein and wood
Hydrocarbones - Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure versus temperature for propane, n-butane, n-heptane and n-pentane
Hydrocarbons - physical data
Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, flash point and autoignition temperature, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule are given for 200 different hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids - boiling points
Boiling temperature (°C and °F) with varying carbon number up to C33
Hydrocarbons, linear alcohols and acids - density
Density of different types of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids as function of carbon number, at 20°C / 68°F
Hydrogen
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrogen - H2
Hydrogen - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Hydrogen Gas - H2 - at temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K
Ice - Thermal Properties
Thermal and thermodynamic properties of ice - density, thermal conductivity and specific heat at temperatures from 0 to -100 oC
Ice - Thickness and Safe Load
Safe loads for clear and solid ice
Identification Tests for Stainless Steels
Magnetic, spark, hardness and acid identification tests of austenitic, martensitic and ferritic stainless steels
Industrial Lubricants - Viscosities equivalent ISO-VG Grade
ISO-VG viscosity grades for industrial lubricants
Inorganic acids and bases - pKa values
Values for the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant, pKa, of inorganic acids and bases, as well as hydrated metal ions
Iron - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Fe - Iron - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
ISO Grade Oils - Viscosities and Densities
Viscosities and densities of ISO - and equivalent SAE grade oils
Isopropanol (2-Propanol) based Freeze Protected Water Solutions
Freezing and flash points of isopropanol (2-Propanol) based water solutions or brines
Latent Heat of Melting for some common Materials
Latent heat of fusion when changing between solid or liquid state for common materials like aluminum, ammonia, glycerin, water and more
Lead - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Pb - Lead (Plumbum) - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Liquid Water - Properties at various Temperature and Pressure
Liquid water properties at temperatures between melting point and boiling point and pressures of 14.7 psia, 1000 psia and 10000 psia (1 atm, 68.1atm and 681 atm)
Liquids - Kinematic Viscosities
Kinematic viscosities of common liquids like motor oil, diesel fuel, peanut oil and many more
Liquids - Specific Gravities
Specific gravity of common liquids and fluids like alcohol, oils, benzene, water and many more
Liquids and Densities
Densities of common liquids like acetone, beer, oil, water and more
Lumber - Weights
Weights of green, kiln dried and pressure treated lumber boards
Magnesium - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Mg - Magnesium - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Malleability, Brittlenes and Ductility
Plastic deformation properties
Melting and Boiling Point, Density and Solubility in Water for Inorganic Compounds
Physical constants for more than 280 common inorganic compounds. Density is given for the actual state at 25°C and for liquid phase at melting point temperature.
Melting and Boiling Temperatures - Evaporation and Melting Heats of common Materials
Melting and boiling point temperatures, latent heat of evaporation, and melting heat of common substances like copper, gold, lead and more - SI units
Melting point from molecular weight
Calculation of melting point of hydrocarbons from molecular weight (molar mass)
Melting points of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids
Melting temperature (°C and °F) with varying carbon number up to C33
Melting points of oils
Common oils from animals or plants and their melting points
Mercury Properties
Properties of saturated liquid Mercury - Hg - density, specific heat capacity, kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl number
Metal Alloys - Specific Heats
Specific heat of metal alloys like brass, bronze and more
Metals - as Liquids
Boiling points and specific heat of liquid metals
Metals - Boiling Temperatures
Metals and their boiling temperatures
Metals - Galvanic Series in Seawater
Galvanic series of metals in seawater
Metals - Latent Heat of Fusion
Metals and their latent heat of fusion
Metals - Melting Temperatures
Melting temperatures of some common metals and alloys
Metals and Alloys - Bulk Modulus
Bulk modulus of some common metals and alloys
Metals and Alloys - Densities
Density of some common metals and alloys - aluminum, bronze, copper, iron and more ..
Metals and Corrosion Resistance
Common metals and their corrosion resistance to aggressive fluids like acids, bases and more
Metals Machinability
Machinability of metals
Methane
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Methane - CH4
Methane Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Methane Gas - CH4 - at temperatures ranging 200 - 1100 K
Methanol - Freeze Protected Heat Transfer Liquid
Freezing and flash points for methanol or methyl based heat-transfer fluids or brines
Methanol - Thermophysical Properties
Thermophysical properties of methanol
Minerals - Density
Densities of minerals
Minerals and some other materials - Specific Gravities
Specific gravity of some common minerals and other materials
Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials
Young's Modulus - Tensile Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity - for steel, glass, wood and other common materials
Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness
Qualitative ordinal scale that characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals
Molecular Weight - Common Substances
Definition and molecular weight (molar mass) of some common substances
Molecular weight from average boiling point and gravity
Formula and examples of calculation of average molecular weight of hydrocarbon mixtures from gravity and average boiling point, achieved from distillation data.
Molybdenum - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Mo - Molybdenum - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Nickel - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Ni - Nickel - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Nitrogen
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Nitrogen - N2
Nitrogen - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Nitrogen Gas - N2 - at temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K
Octane Liquid - Thermal Properties
Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and more
Organic nitrogen compounds - physical data
Boiling and melting points of amines, diamines, pyrroles, pyridines, piperidines and quinolines shown together with their molecular structures, as well as molweights and density.
Organic sulfur compounds - density
Liquid density of different kinds of organic sulfur compounds with varying carbon number (20°C/68°F). Comparison of thiols, sulfides, disulfides and thiophenes.
Organic sulfur compounds - physical data
Boiling and melting points of thoils, sulfides, disulfides and thiophenes shown together with molecular structures, as well as molweights and density.
Oxygen
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Oxygen - O2
Oxygen - Solubility in Fresh Water and Sea Water
Solubility of oxygen in equilibration with air in fresh water and sea (salt) water - pressures ranging 1 - 4 bar abs
Oxygen Gas - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Oxygen Gas - O2 - at temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K
Particle Sizes
Sizes of airborne particles as dust, pollen bacteria, virus and many more
PE Polyethylene - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of polyethylene - PEH - pipes
Permeability
Electromagnetism and formation of magnetic fields
Phenols, alcohols and carboxylic acids - pKa values
For oxygen containing organic compounds this is given: pKa (the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant), molecular structures, molar weights, density and melting and boiling points.
Plastic Materials Used in Valves
An introduction to plastic materials commonly used in valves
Plastics - Abbreviations
Commonly used plastic abbreviations
Plastics - Recycling Codes and Labels
Symbols used for recycling plastic products like bottles, containers and packaging
Plastics - Thermal Conductivity Coefficients
Thermal conductivity of plastics
Plato and Brix to SG - Converting Chart
Convert between Plato, Brix and SG - Specific Gravity
Polyester - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of Polyester to products like Acetic acid, Diesel oil and others
Polymers - Physical Properties
Densities, tensile strength, elongation, Youngs modulus and Brinell hardiness
Polymers - Specific Heats
Specific heat of polymers like epoxy, PET, polycarbonate and more
Polypropylene PP - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of PolyPropylene - PP - to acids, bases, organic substances and solvents
Polyurethane - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of polyurethane - PUR
Porosity
Volume not occupied by solid material
Products - Moisture Content
The content of moisture in products - wet and dry basis
Propane
Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Propane Gas - C3H8
Propane Butane Mixures - Evaporation Pressures
Evaporation pressures of propane butane mixtures
Properties of Air - temperatures ranging -100 to 1000 oF
Dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and Prandtl number of air at moderate pressure - Imperial units
Propylene Glycol based Heat-Transfer Fluids
Freezing points of propylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids - suitable for the food processing industry
Refractive Index for some common Liquids, Solids and Gases
Some common fluids and their refractive index
Refrigerant R22 - Properties
Properties of Refrigerant R22 Dichlorodifluoromethane - saturated liquid and saturated vapor - imperial and metric units
Refrigerants - Environmental Properties
Physical and environmental properties of some common refrigerants
Refrigerants - Physical Properties
Physical properties of refrigerants - molecular weight, boiling, freezing and critical points
SAE Multigrade Oils - Viscosities and Densities
Viscosity and density of SAE Grade oil
Saturated Ice and Vapor
Thermodynamic properties of saturated ice and steam - specific volume, enthalpy and entropy
Saturated Salt Solutions and Air Humidity
A salt solutions can be used maintain a particular value of relative humidity
Sea Water Properties
Sea water - specific volume, specific heat and absolute viscosity
Shrinkage and estimation of density of a liquid-liquid solution
It is possible to estimate the density of a liquid-liquid solution from the density of the solute and the solvent. However, due to shrinkage, the estimate will be a bit too low.
Silicone - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of silicone
Silver - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Ag - Silver - binary eutectic alloys and melting points
Slurries - Densities
Calculate density of a slurry
Sodium Chloride and Water
Freezing point, density, specific heat and dynamic viscosity of Sodium Chloride and Water coolant
Soft and Hard Water
Carbonates dissolved in water
Softwood Lumber - Standard Sizes
Nominal and minimum-dressed lumber sizes
Soil - Weight and Composition of Earth
Typical weight and composition of soil
Solids - Melting and Boiling Temperatures
Melting and boiling temperatures of some products
Solids and Metals - Specific Gravities
Specific gravity for some common solids and metals like aluminum, asbestos, brass, calcium and many others
Solubility guidelines for ionic compounds in water
Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature
Solubility of Gases in Water
Solubility of gases like Carbon dioxide, Argon, Methane and other gases in water
Solubility product constants
The equilibrium constant, Ksp, for aqueous solutions of ionic compounds at 25°C.
Solutions, molarity and dilution
Definitions and examples of how to calculate wt%, molarity and prepare dilutions
Specific Heat - Online Unit Converter
Online specific heat converter with the most commonly used units
Specific Heat and Individual Gas Constant of Gases
Specific heat at constant volume, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat ratio and individual gas constant - R - common gases as argon, air, ether, nitrogen and many more ..
Specific Heat of common Substances
Specific heat of materials like wet mud, granite, sandy clay, quartz sand and more
Specific Heat of Food and Foodstuff
Specific heat of common food and foodstuff like apples, bass, beef, pork and many more
Specific Heat of Liquids and Fluids
Common liquids and fluids - acetone, oil, paraffin, water and many more - and their specific heats
Specific Heat of Solids
Common solids - like brick, cement, glass and many more - and their specific heats - in Imperial and SI units
Specific Heat Ratio of Air
Specific Heat Ratio of air at temperatures from -40 - 1000oC (-40 - 1500oF) at standard atmospheric pressure - Imperial and SI Units
Specific Heats for Metals
Commonly used metals - aluminum, iron, mercury and many more - and their specific heats - imperial and SI units
Speed of Sound in Air
Speed of sound in air at temperatures from -40 to 1000oC (-40 to 1500oF) at standard atmospheric pressure - Imperial and SI Units
Speed of Sound in Water
Speed of sound in water at temperatures ranging 32 - 212oF (0 - 100oC) - Imperial and SI units
Stainless Steels Classifications
Stainless steels are commonly grouped into martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels
Standard enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, entropy and molar heat capacity of organic substances
The standard enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, entropy and molar heat capacity are tabulated for more than hundred organic substances.
Standard state and enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy of formation, entropy and heat capacity
Definition and explanation of the terms standard state and standard enthalpy of formation, with listing of values for standard enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of formation, as well as standard entropy and molar heat capacity, of 370 inorganic compounds
Standard test methods (ASTM and others) and specifications for petroleum products
An overview of common test methods and specifications of petroleum fuels. What, why and how do the different test?
Standard test methods (ASTM and others) for crude oil properties
An overview of common test methods and typical ranges of variation of petroleum quality parameters. What, why and how do the different test?
Steel Tempering Colors
The tempering process of hardening steel
Stone - Weight and Strength
Weight and strength of sandstone, granite, limestone, marble and slate
Stone Masonry
Typical strength of stone masonry constructions
STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure
The definition of STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure and NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure
Strong and weak acids and bases
The most common strong acids and bases, and some examples of weak acids and bases, together with definition of strong and weak acids and bases
Sugar Solutions - Viscosities
Dynamic viscosities of sucrose solutions at different temperatures
Sulfur Dioxide Liquid - Thermal Properties
Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and more
Supercooled Water - Vapor Pressure
Undercooled water and vapor pressure
Surface Tension of Water in contact with Air
Surface tension of water in contact with air for temperatures ranging 0 to 100oC (32 to 212oF) - in imperial units (BG units) and SI units
Temperature and Strength of Metals
Influence of temperature on strength of metals
Thermal Conductivities for some common Liquids
Some fluids and their thermal conductivities
Thermal Conductivity of common Materials and Gases
Thermal conductivity of gases, insulation products, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel and other common materials
Thermal Conductivity of Metals
Thermal conductivity of some common metals
Thermal Expansion of Metals
Thermal expansion of some common metals
Thermodynamics key values internationally agreed
Internationally agreed, internally consistent, values for the thermodynamic properties (standard enthalpy of formation, entropy and [H°(298)-H°(0)]) of key chemical substances
Thermoplastic Pipes - Temperature and Strength Derating
Increased temperature derates strength of thermoplastic piping materials
Thermoplastics - Physical Properties
Physical properties of some thermoplastics like ABS, PVC, CPVC, PE, PEX, PB and PVDF
Timber - Section Sizes
Basic size, area, moments of inertia and section modulus for timber - metric units
Toluene Liquid - Thermal Properties
Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and more
Triple Point
Triple points for some common substances
U.S. Standard Atmosphere
Properties of US standard atmosphere ranging -5000 to 250000 ft altitude
UNS - Unified Numbering System
The Unified Numbering System - UNS - used for metals and alloys
Vapor Pressure common Liquids
Vapor and saturation pressure for some common liquids
Vinyl Ester - Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance of Vinyl Ester to products as Acetone, Alcohol, Diesel oil and more
Viscosity Converting Chart
Convert between the viscosity units Centiposes, milliPascal, CentiStokes and SSU
Water - Boiling Points at High Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing boiling points of water at pressures ranging from 14.7 to 3200 psia (1 to 220 bara). Temperature given as °C, °F, K and °R.
Water - Boiling Points at Vacuum Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables giving the boiling temperatures of water in varying vacuum, SI and Imperial units.
Water - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expantion Coefficient
Definitions, online calculator, figures and tables giving Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of liquid water at temperatures ranging from 0 to 360 °C and 32 to 680°F - in Imperial and SI Units
Water - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity
Online calculator, figures and tables showing viscosity of water at temperatures ranging from 0 to 360 °C (32 to 675 °F) - Imperial and SI Units
Water - Enthalpy (H) and Entropy (S)
Figures and tables showing the enthalpy and entropy of liquid water as function of temperature - SI and Imperial Units
Water - Heat Capacity (Specific Heat)
Online calculator, figures and tables showing specific heat of liquid water at constant volume or constant pressure at temperatures from 0 to 360 °C (32-700 °F) - SI and Imperial units
Water - Heat of Vaporization
Online calculator, figures and tables showing heat of vaporization of water, at temperatures from 0 - 370 °C (32 - 700 °F) - SI and Imperial units
Water - Ionization Constant, pKw, of normal and heavy water
Ionization constant (= dissociation constant = self-ionization constant = ion product = autoprotolysis constant ) of water and heavy water, given as function of temperature (°C and °F) in figures and tables
Water - Melting Points at High Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing melting points of water at pressures ranging from 0 to 29000 psia (0 to 2000 bara). Temperature given as °C, °F, K and °R.
Water - Saturation Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing water saturation (vapor) pressure at temperatures ranging from 0 to 370 °C and from 32 to 700°F - in Imperial and SI Units
Water - Saturation Pressure and Specific Weight
Vapor pressure and specific weight of water at temperatures ranging 32 to 212 oF - Imperial Units
Water - Specific Gravity
Figures and tables showing specific gravity of liquid water in the range of 32 to 700 °F or 0 to 370°C, using water density at four different temperatures as reference
Water - Specific Volume
Online calculator, figures and tables showing Specific Volume of water at temperatures ranging from 0-370 °C and 32 - 700 °F - Imperial and IS Units
Water - Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal properties of water - density, freezing temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of melting, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more
Water Content in Food and other Products
Water content before and after drying in food and other products cork, grain, soap, peat, wood and more
Water Steam - the Critical Point and the Triple Point
Critical point is where vapor and liquid are indistinguishable and triple point is where ice, water and vapor coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium
Water Vapor - Specific Heat
Specific heat of Water Vapor - H2O - at temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K
Wood Density and Moisture Content
Density of wood versus moisture content
Wood Hardness
Soft and hardwood - Janka Hardness
Wood Species - Moisture Content and Weight
Weight of green and air-dried fire wood
Wrought and Cast Copper Alloys - Properties Database
A searchable database of properties for wrought and cast copper alloys
Yield structure of crude oils with increasing density of crude
Yields of different crude oil distillation cuts are plotted as function of whole crude specific gravity. Fractions based on European and North American markeds, and the typical differences in crude oil fractionation in the two markeds are also shown.
Young's Modulus of Elasticity for Metals and Alloys
Elastic properties and Young's modulus for metals and alloys like cast iron, carbon steel and more
