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Engineering Materials

Typical properties of engineering materials like steel, plastics, ceramics and composites

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Composites

MaterialDensity
- ρ -
(103 kg/m3)		Tensile Modulus
- E -
(GPa)		Tensile Strength
- σ -
(MPa)		Specific Modulus
- E / ρ - 		Specific Strength
- σ / ρ - 		Maximum Service Temperature
(oC)
Short-fiber
Glass-filled epoxy (35%) 1.9 25 300 13.2 0.16 80 - 200
Glass-filled polyester (35%) 2.0 15.7 130 7.85 0.065 80 - 125
Glass-filled nylon (35%) 1.6 14.5 200 8.95 0.12 75 - 110
Unidirectional
S-glass epoxy (45%) 1.8 39.5 870 21.8 0.48 80 - 215
Carbon epoxy (61%) 1.6 142 1730 89.3 1.08 80 - 215
Kevlar epoxy (53%) 1.35 63.6 1100 47.1 0.81 80 - 215

Metals

MaterialDensity
- ρ -
(103 kg/m3)		Tensile Modulus
- E -
(GPa)		Tensile Strength
- σ -
(MPa)		Specific Modulus
- E / ρ - 		Specific Strength
- σ / ρ - 		Maximum Service Temperature
(oC)
Cast Iron, grade 20 7.15 100 140 14.3 0.02 230 - 300
Steel, AISI 1045 7.7 - 8.03 205 585 26.3 0.073 500 - 650
Aluminum 2045-T4 2.7 73 450 27 0.17 150 - 250
Aluminum 6061-T6 2.7 69 270 25.5 0.10 150 - 250

Ceramics

MaterialDensity
- ρ -
(103 kg/m3)		Tensile Modulus
- E -
(GPa)		Tensile Strength
- σ -
(MPa)		Specific Modulus
- E / ρ - 		Specific Strength
- σ / ρ - 		Maximum Service Temperature
(oC)
Alumina 3.8 350 170 92.1 0.045 1425 - 1540
MgO 3.6 205 60 56.9 0.017 900 - 1000

Plastics

MaterialDensity
- ρ -
(103 kg/m3)		Tensile Modulus
- E -
(GPa)		Tensile Strength
- σ -
(MPa)		Specific Modulus
- E / ρ - 		Specific Strength
- σ / ρ - 		Maximum Service Temperature
(oC)
Nylon 6/6 1.15 2 - 3.6 82 2.52 0.071 75 - 100
Polyethylene (HDPE) 0.9 - 1.4 0.18 - 1.6 15
Polypropylene 0.9 - 1.24 1.4 33 1.55 0.037 50 - 80
Epoxy 1.25 3.5 69 2.8 0.055 80 - 215
Phenolic 1.35 3.0 6 2.22 0.004 70 - 120
  • 1 GPa = 1 109 Pa = 1.45 105psi
  • 1 MPa = 106 Pa
  • 1 kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3
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