Ionic Compounds in Water - Solubility Guidelines
Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature.
See also Solutions, molarity and dilution and Solubility product constants
| Usually Soluble | Exceptions | |
| Acetates | CH3 COO - | Moderately soluble: CH3 COOAg |
| Ammonium | NH 4 + | |
| Chlorates | ClO3 - | |
| Perchlorates | ClO 4 - | |
| Group 1 cations | Li + | |
| Na + | ||
| K + | ||
| Rb + | ||
| Cs + | ||
| Halides | F - | Insoluble: MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, PbF 2 |
| Cl - | Insoluble: AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2, | |
| Br - | Insoluble: AgBr, Hg2Br2, PbBr2, | |
| I - | Insoluble: AgI, Hg2I2, PbI2, | |
| Nitrates | NO3 - | |
| Nitrites | NO2 - | Moderately soluble: AgNO 2 |
| Sulfates | SO 4 2- |
Moderate soluble: CaSO 4 , SrSO 4 , Ag2SO 4 Insoluble: BaSO 4 , PbSO 4 , HgSO 4 |
| Usually Insoluble | Exceptions | |
| Carbonates | CO3 2- | Soluble: (NH 4 )2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 |
| Hydroxides | OH - |
Soluble: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH) 2 Moderately soluble: Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH) 2 |
| Phosphates | PO 4 3- | Soluble: (NH 4 )3 PO 4 , Na3 PO 4 , K3 PO 4 |
| Sulfides | S 2- | Soluble: (NH 4 )2S, Na2S, K2S, MgS, CaS |
Related Topics
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Fluid Mechanics
The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time. -
Material Properties
Properties of gases, fluids and solids. Densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.
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Mixtures vs. solutions vs. suspensions. -
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Solubility
The amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent. -
Solubility of Gases in Water vs. Temperature
Solubility of Ammonia, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine, Ethane, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide in water. -
Solubility Product Constants
The equilibrium constant, Ksp, for aqueous solutions of ionic compounds at 25°C. -
Solutions, Molarity and Dilution
Definitions and examples of how to calculate wt%, molarity and how to prepare dilutions. -
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Solubility of sugar in water.
