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Butane - Thermophysical Properties

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of n-Butane.

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The phase diagram of butane is shown below the table.

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of n-Butane  - C4H10 :
(values at 25oC (77oF, 298 K) and atmospheric pressure)

Molecular Weight 58.12
Specific Gravity, air = 1 2.07
Specific Volume (ft3/lb, m3/kg) 6.5, 0.405
Density of liquid at atmospheric pressure (lb/ft3, kg/m3) 37.5, 604
Vapor pressure at 25oC (psia, MN/m2) 35.4, 0.244
Absolute Viscosity (lbm/ft s, centipoises) 4.8 10-6, 0.007
Sound velocity in gas (m/s) 216
Specific Heat - cp - (Btu/lboF or cal/goC, J/kgK) 0.39, 1675
Specific Heat Ratio - cp/cv 1.096
Gas constant - R - (ft lb/lboR, J/kgoC) 26.56, 143
Thermal Conductivity (Btu/hr ft oF, W/moC) 0.01, 0.017
Boiling Point - saturation pressure 14.7 psia and 760 mm Hg - (oF, oC) 31.2, -0.4
Latent Heat of Evaporation at boiling point (Btu/lb, J/kg) 165.6, 386000
Freezing or Melting Point  at 1 atm (oF, oC) -217, -138
Latent Heat of Fusion (Btu/lb, J/kg) 19.2, 44700
Critical Temperature (oF, oC) 306, 152
Critical Pressure (psia, MN/m2) 550, 3.8
Critical Volume (ft3/lb, m3/kg) 0.070, 0.0043
Flammable yes
Heat of combustion (Btu/ft3, Btu/lb, kJ/kg) 3300, 21400, 49700

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Follow the links below to get values for the listed properties of butane at varying pressure and temperature:

See also more about atmospheric pressure, and STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure,
as well as Thermophysical properties of: Acetone, Acetylene, Air, Ammonia, Argon, Benzene, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Ethane, Ethanol, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Methanol, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Pentane, Propane, Toluene, Water and Heavy water, D2O.

Butane is a gas at standard conditions. However, at lower temperature and/or high pressures the gas becomes a liquid or a solid.

The butane phase diagram shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the butane boiling point with changes in pressure. It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature.

Butane phase diagram

At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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