Electrical
Electrical units, amps and electrical wiring, wire gauge and AWG, electrical formulas and motors
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12 Volt Electric Wire - Length and Current
Maximum length of copper wire with 2% voltage drop
Abbreviations according International Electrotechnical Commission
Conforming abbreviations according IEC
AC Circuit
An alternating current - AC - is generated by a sinusoidal voltage source
Active, Apparent and Reactive Power
Apparent, True Applied and Reactive Power - kVA
Amps and Wire Gauge - 12V Circuit
Maximum current - amps - through a 12V circuit - related to size (AWG) and length of wire
Asynchronous Motors - Electrical Data
Electrical motor data - nominal current, fuse, start ampere, contactor and circuit breaker of asynchronous motors
Automotive 12 Volt Electric Wiring
12 V current load and maximum wire lengths
AWG - American Wire Gauge and Circular Mils
AWG, diameter mil, circular mil, diameter in mm and area in mm2
Capacitors
Capacitors and capacitance - charge and unit of charge
Capacitors - Energy Stored
Potential power and energy stored in capacitors
Capacitors - Parallel and Serial Connections
Capacitance in parallel and series connected circuits
CE Marking
The European Machine Directive
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Circles within a Rectangle
The maximum number of circles possible within a rectangle
Circuit Wiring - Single Phase (230V) Electrical Motors
Recommended copper wire gage and transformer size for single phase - 230 Volts - electrical motors
Circuit Wiring - Three Phase (230 & 460V) Electrical Motors
Recommended copper wire gage and transformer size for Three Phase - 230 & 460V - electrical motors
CM - Circular Mil Area
The circular mil area - CM - is a unit denoting the cross-sectional size of a wire or a cable
Color Temperatures
Light source and color irradiation
Conductors
Conductors and conductivity - Electrical conductivity of some common materials
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Conduits Sizes
Electrical conduits trade sizes and max distance between supports
Convert Ampere between Single Phase and 3 Phase
Convert amperage between single phase (120, 240 and 480 Voltage) and three phase (240 and 480 Voltage)
Copper and Aluminum Wire - Electrical Resistance
Electrical resistance in plain copper or aluminum wire
Copper Wire Properties
Gage, circular mils, electrical resistance and weight
Coulomb's Law
Electric force acting on a point charge
Current Divider - Online Calculator
Electric current divider
DC Motors - Full-load Currents
Full load amps in 120 and 240 volts DC motors
DIN VDE Standards
DIN VDE power installations
Electric Cable Installations - Current Ratings
Current ratings and cable sizes for fixed installations within buildings
Electric Circuit Diagram - Template
Use Google Drive to make online shareable electric circuit diagrams
Electric Motor Calculator
Calculate amps, hp and kVA
Electric Motors - Power and Torque vs. Speed
Speed of electrical motors - output power and torque
Electric Shocks
Physiological effects of electric shocks
Electric Wire 240 Volts Single-Phase - Maximum Length
Maximum length of wire with 2% voltage drop
Electric Wires - Cross-Section Equations
Calculating single and bunched wire cross-sections and diameters
Electrical Formulas
The most common used electrical formulas - Ohms Law and combinations
Electrical Heating of Mass
Electric heating of object and temperature change
Electrical Inductance - Serial and Parallel Connections
Serial and parallel inductance
Electrical Motor - Locked Rotor Indicating Code Letters
Locked rotor indicating code letters electrical motors
Electrical Motor Efficiency
Calculating electric motor efficiency
Electrical Motor Efficiency Ratings
NEMA - electrical motor efficiency ratings
Electrical Motors - Frame Sizes
NEMA electrical motor frame sizes
Electrical Motors - Full Load Currents
Full load currents for 460 volts, 230 volts and 115 volts motors - single and 3-phase
Electrical Motors - Insulation Classes
Temperature and insulation classes for electrical motors
Electrical Motors - Power and Cable Lengths
Motor power and maximum cable lengths
Electrical Motors and Heat Loss
Heat loss from an electrical motor to the surroundings
Electrical Resistance - Series and Parallel Networks
Resistors in parallel and serial connections
Electrical Units
Definition of common electrical units - like Ampere, Volt, Ohm, Siemens
Electrode Potential and Galvanic Corrosion
Introduction to electro chemical series and corrosion of metals
Electromotive Force - e.m.f
Change in electrical potential between two points
Extension Cords
Size of extension cords - full load ratings with 115 V
Frequency and Speed of Electrical Motors
The velocity of 2, 4, 6 and 8 poles electrical motors at 50 Hz and 60 Hz
IEC - NEMA Standard Torques
IEC and NEMA torque classifications of electrical motors
IEC Duty Cycles
The eight - S1 - S8 - IEC duty cycles of operating electrical motors
Inductance
Electro Magnetic Field - EMF - induced into a circuit
Induction Motors - Synchronous and Full Load Speed
Synchronous and full load speed of amplitude current (AC) induction motors
Inductors and Stored Energy
Energy stored in magnetic fields
IP - Ingress Protection Rating
IP - Ingress Protection rating is used to specify the environmental protection - or electrical enclosure - of electrical equipment
Kirchhoff's Laws
Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws
Lights - Installed Power
Light power in common types of buildings and rooms
Luminous Efficacy
Light sources production of visible light
Motor Wiring Data - 480 Volt
Motor wiring data - NEMA Amps, Starter size, HMCP Size - motors ranging 1/2 - 500 HP
NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NEMA A, B, C and D Electrical Motor Design
NEMA has established four different designs - A, B, C and D for electrical induction motors
NEMA and IEC Enclosure Classifications
NEMA enclosure classifications versus IEC enclosure classifications
NEMA Enclosure Standards of Electrical Motors
NEMA enclosure standard for electrical motors
NEMA Insulation Classes
Electrical insulation systems rated by standard NEMA classifications to maximize allowable operating temperatures
Nema Starters
Nema sized contactors or starters
Ohm's Law
Voltage, current and resistance
Online Wire Gauge - AWG - Calculator
Calculate AWG, mil, mm, CM or square mm
Parallel Circuits
Resistance, voltage and current in parallel networks
Permeability
Electromagnetism and formation of magnetic fields
Potential Divider - Online Calculator
Output voltage from a potential divider
Power Factor Three-Phase Electrical Motors
Definition three-phase electrical motors power factor
Power Wiring - Color Codes
Color codes used in power wiring
Rechargeable Batteries - Battery Life Calculator
Properties of rechargeable batteries and accumulators
Relative and Absolute Voltages
Electric circuit and voltage at any point
Relative Permittivity - the Dielectric Constant
Some common materials and their relative permittivity
Resistance and Conductance
The reciprocal of electrical resistance is conductance
Resistance and Resistivity
Electrical resistance and resistivity
Resistivity and Conductivity - Temperature Coefficients for Common Materials
Resistivity, conductivity and temperature coefficients for some common materials as silver, gold, platinum, iron and more
Resistors - Color Codes Calculator
Color codes for fixed resistors - values and tolerances - online calculator
Resistors - Letters and Digit Codes
Letter and digit codes to indicating resistor values
Resistors - Standard Values
Preferred number series for resistors
Series Circuits
Voltage and current in series circuits
Service Factor
Service factor - SF - is a measure of periodically overload capacity at which a motor can operate without damaging
Shaft Power from Electrical Motors
Electrical motors are rated in horsepower or watt
Single Phase Power Equations
Single phase electrical power equations
Slip in Electrical Induction Motors
Difference between the synchronous and asynchronous speed - also named rated speed
Smaller Circles in a Larger Circle
Estimating number of smaller circles that fits in a larger circle - ex. how many pipes or wires fits in a larger pipe or conduit
Soil - Resistivity
Types of soil and their mean value of resistivities
Speed of Electrical Motors with operating Loads
Speed of an operating electrical motor with load is lower than the synchronous speed (no load) of the motor
SWG - Standard Wire Gauge
Imperial Standard Wire Gauge used for sheet metal and wire
Synchronous Speed of Electrical Motors
The speed at which an induction motor will operate depends on the input power frequency and the number of electrical magnetic poles in the motor
Three Phase Electrical Motors
Full load amps, wire and conduit sizes for three phase electrical motors
Three-Phase Power Equations
Electrical 3-phase equations
Torques in Electrical Induction Motors
Torques describes and classifies electrical motors
Transformers
Alternating voltage and induced electro magnetic field - e.m.f. - in a transformer
Transients
A transient is a high voltage spike caused by an external or internal transient source
Types of NEMA Electrical Enclosures
Description of NEMA electrical enclosures types
Voltage by Country
Typical voltages and frequencies used for domestic appliances
Voltage Drop in Electric Circuit
Ohm's law and voltage drop in a current circuit
Voltage Imbalance - Derating Factor in Polyphase Motors
Efficiency of electrical polyphase motors decreases with increased voltage imbalance
Wire - Convert from Square mm to Diameter mm
Convert from square mm to diameter mm
Wire - Maximum Currents
Maximum currents in copper and aluminum wire
Wire Gauge Converter - AWG versus square mm
American Wire Gauge (AWG) versus square mm cross sectional area
Wire Gauges - Current Ratings
Common US wire gauges - AWG gauges and their current ratings
Wires - Electrical Resistance
Electric resistance and temperature rise in Nickel-Chromium wires
