Nitrogen - Thermophysical Properties

Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Nitrogen - N₂.

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Nitrogen, N₂, is at standard conditions a colorless odorless gas. The gas makes up the major portion of the atmosphere, but will not support life by itself. Refrigerated (cryogenic) nitrogen, is a colorless odorless liquid.

Gaseous nitrogen is used in food processing, in purging air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and in pressurizing aircraft tires. Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze foods, to preserve whole blood and other biologicals, and as a coolant.

Nitrogen is nontoxic and noncombustible, but it may cause asphyxiation by displacement of air. Liquid nitrogen is very cold and and contact may cause frostbite. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat, nitrogen containers may rupture violently and rocket.

The phase diagram of nitrogen is shown below the table.

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of Nitrogen:
Values at 25^oC (77^oF, 298 K) and atmospheric pressure

Molecular Weight	28.013
Specific Gravity, air = 1	0.967
Specific Volume (ft³/lb, m³/kg)	13.98, 0.872
Density of liquid at atmospheric pressure (lb/ft³, kg/m³)	50.46, 808.4
Absolute Viscosity (lb_m/ft s, centipoises)	12.1 10^-6, 0.018
Sound velocity in gas (m/s)	353
Specific Heat - c_p - (Btu/lb^oF or cal/g^oC, J/kgK)	0.249, 1040
Specific Heat Ratio - c_p/c_v	1.40
Gas constant - R - (ft lb/lb^oR, J/kg^oC)	55.2, 297
Thermal Conductivity (Btu/hr ft ^oF, W/m^oC)	0.015, 0.026
Boiling Point - at saturation pressure 14.7 psia and 760 mm Hg - (^oF, ^oC)	-320.4, -195.8
Latent Heat of Evaporation at boiling point (Btu/lb, J/kg)	85.5, 199000
Freezing or Melting Point at 1 atm (^oF, ^oC)	-346, -210
Latent Heat of Fusion (Btu/lb, J/kg)	11.1, 25800
Critical Temperature (^oF, ^oC)	-232.6, -147
Critical Pressure (psia, MN/m²)	493, 3.40
Critical Volume (ft³/lb, m³/kg)	0.051, 0.00318
Flammable	no

Follow the links below to get values for the listed properties of nitrogen at varying pressure and temperature:

Nitrogen is a gas at standard conditions. However, at low temperature and/or high pressures the gas becomes a liquid or a solid.

The nitrogen phase diagram shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the nitrogen boiling point with changes in pressure. It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature.

Nitrogen phase diagram C

At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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