Fluid Flow and Pressure Loss in Pipes and Tubes

The differences between dynamic, absolute, and kinematic viscosity - a fluids resistance to flow - with definitions, unit conversions, and practical applications for engineers and scientists.

Recommended max suction flow velocity when pumping boiling fluids.

Recommended max flow velocity on the delivery (pressure) side when pumping boiling liquids.

Copper tube fittings and equivalent lengths - in feets of straight tube.

Hot water heat carrying capacities in copper tubes type L.

Water flow and pressure loss (psi/ft) due to friction in copper tubes ASTM B88 Types K, L and M.

Volume flow and pressure loss in CTS - Copper Tube Sized CPVC (Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride) tubes.

The Darcy-Weisbach equation can be used to calculate the major pressure and head loss due to friction in ducts, pipes or tubes.

ANSI is a private, not-for-profit, membership organization that acts not as a standards developer, but as a standards coordinating and approval body.

Calculate pressure loss - or head loss - in ducts, pipes or tubes.

Calculate minor pressure loss in piping systems with the Equivalent Pipe Length Method.

Minor pressure and head loss in pipes vs. equivalent length in tubes and duct systems.

The Equation of Continuity is a statement of mass conservation.

Calculate hydraulic diameter for pipes and ducts.

Friction head loss (ft/100 ft) vs. water flow in steel, copper and PVC plastic pipes.

Sizing gas pipes for apartment service lines.

The Hazen-Williams equation can be used to calculate the pressure drop (psi) or friction loss in pipes or tubes.

Friction head loss (ft_H2O per 100 ft pipe) in water pipes can be estimated with the empirical Hazen-Williams equation.

Pressure loss in hoses due to water flow and friction.

Pressure loss nomogram for hot water steel pipes.

Equivalent length of fittings like bends, returns, tees and valves in hot water heating systems - equivalent length in feet and meter.

Carrying capacity of house gas pipes - in imperial and metric units.

Introduction and definition of the dimensionless Reynolds Number - online calculators.

Recommended max. flow velocities on the delivery side when pumping light oils.

Recommended max. suction flow velocities when pumping light oils.

Pressure drop diagrams for PTFE, PP, PFA and PVDF lined pipes.

Densities of common liquids like acetone, beer, oil, water and more.

Specific gravities of liquids like alcohol, oils, benzene, water and many more.

Resistance and pressure loss in liquid LPG pipes.

The Mechanical Energy Equation compared to the Extended Bernoulli Equation.

Sizing low pressure natural gas pipe lines - Imperial units.

Sizing low pressure natural gas pipe lines - Metric units.

Sizing natural gas pipes - pressures above 5 psi (35 kPa).

Pressure drop in oil pipes - viscosities ranging 100 - 600 Saybolt Universal Seconds.

Oil pipes flow velocities should be kept within certain limits.

Water flow in SDR pressure rated PE-pipes - pressure loss and velocities - Imperial and SI units.

Pressure loss (bar/100 m) and velocy in PE, PEH or PVC pipes with water flow.

Major and minor loss in pipes, tubes and duct systems.

Minor loss coefficients for components used in pipe and tube systems.

Typical fluid flow velocities for common liquids, gases and vapors.

Calculate fluid velocity and volume flow in pipes and tubes.

Estimate water content in pipes - weight and volume.

Friction head loss (ft/100 ft) vs. water flow in plastic pipes like PVC, PP, PE or PEH.

Pressure loss in pneumatic tubes - sizes ranging 5 - 36 mm.

Pneumatic transport systems used to move powder and other solid products.

An introduction to pneumatic transport of powders.

Recommended air velocity for pneumatic transport of products like cement, coal, flour and more.

Water flow pressure loss diagram.

Water flow friction loss in pressfit piping.

Static pressure graphical presentation throughout a fluid flow system.

Pressure vs. head units - like lb/in², atm, inches mercury, bars, Pa and more.

Sizing low pressure propane gas pipe lines - Metric units.

Sizing of propane gas pipe lines with pressures above 5 psig (35 kPa).

Sizing of low pressure propane gas pipe lines - Imperial units.

Minor loss in PVC and CPVC fittings expressed as equivalent length of straight pipe.

Water flow in thermoplastic PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 40 - friction loss (ft/100 ft, psi/100 ft) and flow velocities at dimensions ranging 1/2 to 16 inches.

Friction loss (psi/100 ft) and velocity for water flow in plastic PVC pipe schedule 40.

Water flow in thermoplastic PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 80 - friction loss (ft/100 ft, psi/100 ft) and flow velocities at dimensions ranging 1/2 to 16 inches.

The Standard Dimension Ratio - SDR - is used to rate pressure pipes.

Comparing properties like specific gravity, freezing points and viscosity for secondary coolants like calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

Carrying capacities of sewer and wastewater pipes - gpm and liter per second.

Flow velocities in slurry transport systems to avoid settling of solids.

Maximum water flow capacities in steel pipes - pipe dimensions ranging 2 - 24 inches.

Friction loss in schedule 40 steel pipe with viscous liquids - viscosities ranging from water to oil.

Friction loss and velocity diagrams - in imperial (psi/100 ft, ft/s) and SI (Pa/100m, m/s) units.

Water flow and pressure loss in schedule 40 steel pipes - Imperial and SI units - gallons per minute, liters per second and cubic meters per hour.

Velocity head can be used to calculate minor pressure or head loss in fluid flow systems.

Water flow in steel pipes schedule 80 - pressure drop and velocity diagrams in SI and Imperial units.

Calculate pressure drops in vacuum pipe lines.

Convert between viscosity units like Centiposes, milliPascal, CentiStokes and SSU.

Friction loss in steel pipes for fluids with viscosities ranging 32 - 80000 SSU.

Recommended max. flow velocities on delivery sides of pumps in viscous systems.

Recommended max. pump suction flow velocity for viscous fluids.

Convert between volume flow units like gpm, liter/sec, cfm, m³/h.

Absolute viscosity for water in centipoises for temperatures between 32 - 200^oF.

Recommended max. water flow velocities on suction sides of pumps.

Recommended maximum flow velocities in water systems on the delivery side of the pump.

Reynolds number for clean cold water flow.