Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!

Fluid Flow - Equation of Continuity

The Equation of Continuity is a statement of mass conservation.

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass can be neither created or destroyed. Using the Mass Conservation Law on a steady flow process - flow where the flow rate do not change over time - through a control volume where the stored mass in the control volume do not change - implements that

  • inflow equals outflow

This statement is called the Equation of Continuity. Common application where the Equation of Continuity are used are pipes, tubes and ducts with flowing fluids or gases, rivers, overall processes as power plants, diaries, logistics in general, roads, computer networks and semiconductor technology and more.

Equation of continuity

The Equation of Continuity and can be expressed as:

m = ρi1 vi1 Ai1i2 vi2 Ai2 + .... +ρin vin Ain

    =ρo1 vo1 Ao1o2 vo2 Ao2 + .... +ρom vom Aom                            (1)

where

m = mass flow rate (kg/s)

ρ = density (kg/m3)

v = speed (m/s)

A = area (m2)

With uniform density equation (1) can be modified to

q = vi1 Ai1 + vi2 Ai2 + .... + vin Ain

    = vo1 Ao1 + vo2 Ao2 + .... + vom Aom                         (2)

where

q = flow rate (m3/s)

ρi1 = ρi2 = . . = ρin = ρo1 = ρo2 = .... = ρom

For a simple reduction (or expansion) as indicated in the figure above - the equation of continuity for uniform density can be transformed to

vin Ain = vout Aout                             (3)

or

vout = vin Ain / Aout                            (3b)

Example - Equation of Continuity

10 m3/h of water flows through a pipe with 100 mm inside diameter. The pipe is reduced to an inside dimension of 80 mm.

Using equation (2) the velocity in the 100 mm pipe can be calculated

(10 m3/h) (1 / 3600 h/s) = v100 (3.14 (0.1 m)2 / 4)

or

v100 = (10 m3/h) (1 / 3600 h/s) / (3.14 (0.1 m)2 / 4)

    = 0.35 m/s

Using equation (2) the velocity in the 80 mm pipe can be calculated

(10 m3/h) (1 / 3600 h/s) = v80 (3.14 (0.08 m)2 / 4)

or

v80 = (10 m3/h) (1 / 3600 h/s) / (3.14 (0.08 m)2 / 4)

= 0.55 m/s

Equation of Continuity Calculator

The calculator below is based on eq. 3b and can be used for fluids with uniform density - typical liquids like water, oil and more.

Related Topics

Related Documents

Search

Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox.

Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling!

3D Engineering ToolBox Extension to SketchUp - add parametric components to your SketchUp model

Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with older versions of the amazing SketchUp Make and the newer "up to date" SketchUp Pro . Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp Make/Pro from the Extension Warehouse !

Translate this Page

Translate this page to Your Own Language .

About the Engineering ToolBox!

Privacy Policy

We don't collect information from our users. More about

We use a third-party to provide monetization technologies for our site. You can review their privacy and cookie policy here.

You can change your privacy settings by clicking the following button: .

Citation

This page can be cited as

  • The Engineering ToolBox (2003). Fluid Flow - Equation of Continuity. [online] Available at: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equation-continuity-d_180.html [Accessed Day Month Year].

Modify the access date according your visit.

3D Engineering ToolBox - draw and model technical applications! 2D Engineering ToolBox - create and share online diagram drawing templates! Engineering ToolBox Apps - mobile online and offline engineering applications!

Unit Converter

















































11.4.12

.