PVC Pipes Schedule 40 - Friction Loss vs. Water Flow
Water flow in thermoplastic PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 40 - friction loss (ft/100 ft, psi/100 ft) and flow velocities at dimensions ranging 1/2 to 16 inches.
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Friction loss and flow velocities in PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 40 with water are indicated in the table below. The table can be used for pipes in other thermoplastic materials where the inner diameter corresponds to PVC Pipe
Schedule 40.
- 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
- 1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
- 1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.227 m3/h = 0.0631 dm3(liter)/s = 2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337 ft3/min
- 1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2262 mmH2O/100 m = 22.6 kPa/100 m
Note! Velocities should not exceed 5 feet per second.
The values can be used to calculate minor pressure loss with the Equivalent Pipe Length Method.
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ftH2O/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 1 | 60 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| 2 | 120 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 1.8 |
| 5 | 300 | 5.6 | 23.4 | 10.5 |
| 7 | 420 | 7.9 | 43.1 | 18.6 |
| 10 | 600 | 11.3 | 82.0 | 35.5 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 1 | 60 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 2 | 120 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| 5 | 300 | 3.2 | 5.7 | 2.5 |
| 7 | 420 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 4.6 |
| 10 | 600 | 6.3 | 20.0 | 8.7 |
| 15 | 900 | 9.5 | 42.5 | 18.4 |
| 20 | 1200 | 12.7 | 72.3 | 31.3 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 2 | 120 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| 5 | 300 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.8 |
| 7 | 420 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
| 10 | 600 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 2.6 |
| 15 | 900 | 5.8 | 12.8 | 5.5 |
| 20 | 1200 | 7.7 | 21.8 | 9.4 |
| 25 | 1500 | 9.7 | 32.9 | 14.2 |
| 30 | 1800 | 11.6 | 46.1 | 20.0 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 2 | 120 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 5 | 300 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 7 | 420 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| 10 | 600 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 15 | 900 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
| 20 | 1200 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 2.4 |
| 25 | 1500 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 3.7 |
| 30 | 1800 | 6.6 | 11.9 | 5.1 |
| 35 | 2100 | 7.7 | 15.8 | 6.8 |
| 40 | 2400 | 8.8 | 20.2 | 8.7 |
| 45 | 2700 | 9.9 | 25.1 | 10.9 |
| 50 | 3000 | 11.1 | 30.5 | 13.2 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 2 | 120 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.03 |
| 5 | 300 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 7 | 420 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 10 | 600 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 15 | 900 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
| 20 | 1200 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 |
| 25 | 1500 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
| 30 | 1800 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 2.4 |
| 35 | 2100 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 3.2 |
| 40 | 2400 | 6.5 | 9.4 | 4.1 |
| 45 | 2700 | 7.3 | 11.7 | 5.1 |
| 50 | 3000 | 8.1 | 14.3 | 6.2 |
| 60 | 3600 | 9.7 | 20.0 | 8.7 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 5 | 300 | 0.5 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 7 | 420 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 10 | 600 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| 15 | 900 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 20 | 1200 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| 25 | 1500 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 30 | 1800 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 35 | 2100 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
| 40 | 2400 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| 45 | 2700 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 1.5 |
| 50 | 3000 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 1.8 |
| 60 | 3600 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 2.5 |
| 70 | 4200 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 3.4 |
| 75 | 4500 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 3.8 |
| 80 | 4800 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 4.3 |
| 90 | 5400 | 8.8 | 12.4 | 5.4 |
| 100 | 6000 | 9.8 | 15.0 | 6.5 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 5 | 300 | 0.3 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 7 | 420 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 10 | 600 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 15 | 900 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
| 20 | 1200 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 25 | 1500 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 30 | 1800 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 35 | 2100 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 40 | 2400 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 45 | 2700 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| 50 | 3000 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 0.8 |
| 60 | 3600 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| 70 | 4200 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
| 75 | 4500 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| 80 | 4800 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 1.8 |
| 90 | 5400 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 2.3 |
| 100 | 6000 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 2.7 |
| 125 | 7500 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 4.2 |
| 150 | 9000 | 10.3 | 13.4 | 5.8 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 5 | 300 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 7 | 420 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 10 | 600 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 15 | 900 | 0.7 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 20 | 1200 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 25 | 1500 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 30 | 1800 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 35 | 2100 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 40 | 2400 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 45 | 2700 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 50 | 3000 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 60 | 3600 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 70 | 4200 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 75 | 4500 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 80 | 4800 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| 90 | 5400 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 0.8 |
| 100 | 6000 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
| 125 | 7500 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
| 150 | 9000 | 6.6 | 4.6 | 2.0 |
| 175 | 10500 | 7.7 | 6.2 | 2.7 |
| 200 | 12000 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 3.4 |
| 250 | 15000 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 5.2 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 20 | 1200 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 25 | 1500 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 30 | 1800 | 0.8 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 35 | 2100 | 0.9 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 40 | 2400 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 45 | 2700 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 50 | 3000 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 60 | 3600 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 70 | 4200 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 75 | 4500 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| 80 | 4800 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 90 | 5400 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 100 | 6000 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 125 | 7500 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 150 | 9000 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 175 | 10500 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 200 | 12000 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| 250 | 15000 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
| 300 | 18000 | 7.7 | 4.4 | 1.9 |
| 350 | 21000 | 9.0 | 5.9 | 2.6 |
| 400 | 24000 | 10.2 | 7.5 | 3.3 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 30 | 1800 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 35 | 2100 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 40 | 2400 | 0.7 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 45 | 2700 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 50 | 3000 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 60 | 3600 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 70 | 4200 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 75 | 4500 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 80 | 4800 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 90 | 5400 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 100 | 6000 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
| 125 | 7500 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 150 | 9000 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 175 | 10500 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 200 | 12000 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 250 | 15000 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 300 | 18000 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
| 350 | 21000 | 5.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 |
| 400 | 24000 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| 450 | 27000 | 7.3 | 3.1 | 1.3 |
| 500 | 30000 | 8.1 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 50 | 3000 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 60 | 3600 | 0.7 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 70 | 4200 | 0.8 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 75 | 4500 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 80 | 4800 | 0.9 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 90 | 5400 | 1.0 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 100 | 6000 | 1.1 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 125 | 7500 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 150 | 9000 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 175 | 10500 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 200 | 12000 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 250 | 15000 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 300 | 18000 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| 350 | 21000 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| 400 | 24000 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| 450 | 27000 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 500 | 30000 | 5.6 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
| 750 | 45000 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 11.2 | 5.5 | 2.4 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 100 | 6000 | 0.7 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 125 | 7500 | 0.8 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 150 | 9000 | 1.0 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 175 | 10500 | 1.1 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| 200 | 12000 | 1.3 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 250 | 15000 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 300 | 18000 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.07 |
| 350 | 21000 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| 400 | 24000 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 450 | 27000 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 500 | 30000 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 750 | 45000 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 6.5 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 8.1 | 2.2 | 1.0 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 9.7 | 3.1 | 1.3 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 200 | 12000 | 0.8 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 250 | 15000 | 1.0 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 300 | 18000 | 1.2 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 350 | 21000 | 1.4 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 400 | 24000 | 1.6 | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| 450 | 27000 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 500 | 30000 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 750 | 45000 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 5.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 6.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 8.2 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 10.3 | 2.6 | 1.1 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 350 | 21000 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 400 | 24000 | 1.2 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 450 | 27000 | 1.3 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 500 | 30000 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 750 | 45000 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 5.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 7.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 3000 | 180000 | 8.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 3500 | 210000 | 10.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| 4000 | 240000 | 11.1 | 2.7 | 1.2 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 500 | 30000 | 1.2 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 750 | 45000 | 1.8 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 4.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 5.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 3000 | 180000 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| 3500 | 210000 | 8.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 4000 | 240000 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
| 4500 | 270000 | 10.7 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| 5000 | 300000 | 11.9 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| 5500 | 330000 | 13.1 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
| 6000 | 360000 | 14.2 | 3.6 | 1.5 |
| 6500 | 390000 | 15.4 | 4.1 | 1.8 |
| 7000 | 420000 | 16.6 | 4.7 | 2.0 |
| 7500 | 450000 | 17.8 | 5.4 | 2.3 |
| Volume Flow (gal/min) | Volume Flow (gal/hr) | Velocity (ft/sec) | Friction Head (ft/100 ft) | Friction Loss (psi/100 ft) |
| 500 | 30000 | 0.9 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 750 | 45000 | 1.4 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| 1000 | 60000 | 1.8 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 1250 | 75000 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| 1500 | 90000 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| 2000 | 120000 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 2500 | 150000 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 3000 | 180000 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| 3500 | 210000 | 6.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 4000 | 240000 | 7.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| 4500 | 270000 | 8.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 5000 | 300000 | 9.1 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| 5500 | 330000 | 10.0 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
| 6000 | 360000 | 10.9 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
| 6500 | 390000 | 11.8 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
| 7000 | 420000 | 12.7 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| 7500 | 450000 | 13.6 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| 8000 | 480000 | 14.5 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
| 8500 | 510000 | 14.4 | 3.5 | 1.5 |
| 9000 | 540000 | 16.5 | 3.9 | 1.7 |
| 9500 | 570000 | 17.3 | 4.3 | 1.9 |
| 10000 | 600000 | 18.2 | 4.8 | 2.1 |
Pressure loss values can be calculated with the Hazen-Williams Equation or the Darcy-Weisbach Formula.
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