Electrical

Amps and electrical wiring, AWG - wire gauge, electrical formulas, motors and units

Amps and Wire Gauge - 12V Circuit

Maximum current - amps - through a 12V circuit in combination with size (AWG) and length of wire

Asynchronous Motors - Electrical Data

Electrical motor data - nominal current, fuse, start ampere, contactor and circuit breaker of asynchronous motors

Automotive 12 Volts Electric Wiring

Current load and maximum wire length

AWG - American Wire Gauge and Circular Mils

American Wire Gauge - AWG - and circular mils

AWG to square mm Wire Gauge Conversion

Convert American Wire Gauge (AWG) to square mm cross sectional area

Capacitors

Capacitors and capacitance

Capacitors - Energy Stored

Energy stored and potential power generated from capacitors

Capacitors in Parallel and Series

Capacitors and parallel and series capacitance

CE Marking

Before products are sold within the European - EU - market, they have to be "CE-marked"

Circuit Wiring - Single Phase (230V) Electrical Motors

Recommended copper wire gage and transformer size for single phase - 230 Volts - electrical motors

Circuit Wiring - Three Phase (230 & 460V) Electrical Motors

Recommended copper wire gage and transformer size for Three Phase - 230 & 460V - electrical motors

CM - Circular Mil Area

The circular mil area - CM - is a unit denoting the cross-sectional size of a wire or cable

Conductors

Conductors and conductivity

Converting Ampere between Single Phase and 3 Phase

Converting amperage between single phase (120, 240 and 480 Voltage) and three phase (240 and 480 Voltage)

Converting from NEMA to IEC Enclosure Classifications

Converting from NEMA enclosure classifications to IEC enclosure classifications

Copper Wire

Gage, circular mils, electrical resistance and weight

Electrical Formulas

The most common used electrical formulas - Ohms Law and combinations

Electrical Motor - Full Load Current

Full load current - 460 Volts, 230 Volts and 115 Volts motors - single and 3-phase

Electrical Motor Calculator

Online electric motor calculator - calculate amps, hp and kVA

Electrical Motor Efficiency

Calculating electric motor efficiency

Electrical Motor Frame Dimensions

NEMA electrical motor frame sizes

Electrical Motor Locked Rotor Indicating Code Letters

Indicating locked rotor code letters for electrical motors

Electrical Motors - Efficiency Ratings

NEMA - electrical motors efficiency ratings

Electrical Motors - Hp and Amps

Horse power rating compared to ampere rating

Electrical Motors - HP, Torque and RPM

Horsepower versus torque and motor velocity - rpm

Electrical Motors - Insulation Classes

Temperature and insulation classes

Electrical Motors - Starting Devices

Direct-on-line Starters, Star-Delta Starters, Frequency Drives and Soft Starters

Electrical Motors and Heat Loss

Heat gain from electrical motors to the surroundings

Electrical Units

Definition of common electrical units as Ampere, Volt, Ohm, Siemens and more.

Electrode Potential and Galvanic Corrosion

An introduction to the electrochemical series and corrosion of metals

Frequency and Speed of Electrical Motors

The velocity of 2, 4, 6 and 8 poles electrical motors at 50 Hz and 60 Hz

IEC - NEMA Standard Torques

Comparing IEC and NEMA torque classifications of electrical motors

IEC Duty Cycles

The eight - S1 - S8 - IEC duty cycles of operating electrical motors

Inductance

Electro Magnetic Field - EMF - induced into a circuit

Inductors - Energy Stored

Energy stored in the magnetic field

IP - Ingress Protection Ratings

IP - Ingress Protection rating is used to specify the environmental protection - electrical enclosure - of electrical equipment

Kirchhoff's Laws

Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws

KVA

Apparent, True Applied and Reactive Power

Lights - Installed Power

Installed light power in some common types of buildings and rooms

Motor Wiring Data - 480 Volt

Motor wiring data - NEMA Amps, Starter size, HMCP Size .. - motors ranging 1/2 - 500 HP

NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA A, B, C and D Design

NEMA has established four different designs - A, B, C and D - for electrical induction motors

NEMA Electrical Enclosure Types

General description of NEMA electrical enclosures types

NEMA Enclosure Standards of Electrical Motors

The NEMA enclosure standards of electrical motors

NEMA Insulation Classes

Insulation systems are rated by standard NEMA classifications to maximum allowable operating temperatures

Nema Starters

Nema size starters

Online Wire Gauge - AWG - Calculator

Calculate AWG, mil, mm, CM or square mm

Parallel Circuits

Resistors connected in parallel

Potential Divider

Output voltage from a potential divider

Power and Horsepower in Electrical Motors

Electrical power is rated in Horsepower or Watts

Power Factor for a Three-Phase Electrical Motor

Power Factor definition for a three-phase electrical motor

Rechargeable Batteries

Properties of rechargeable batteries or accumulators

Resistance and Resistivity

Electrical resistance and resistivity

Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficients for some Common Materials

Resistivity, conductivity and temperature coefficients for some common materials as silver, gold, platinum, iron and more - Including a tutorial explanation of resistivity and conductivity

Series Circuits

Voltage and current

Service Factor

The service factor - SF - is a measure of periodically overload capacity at which a motor can operate without overload or damage

Single Phase Power Equations

Single phase electrical power equations

Slip in Electrical Induction Motors

The difference between the synchronous and asynchronous speed - also named rated speed - is "the slip"

Speed of Electrical Motors with operating Loads

The speed of operating electrical motors with loads, are lower than the motors synchronous speed (no load)

Synchronous and Full Load Speed of Induction Motors

Synchronous and approximate full load speed of amplitude current (AC) induction motors

Synchronous Speed of Electrical Motors

The speed at which an induction motor will operate depends on the input power frequency and the number of electrical magnetic poles in the motor

Three Phase Power Equations

Electrical 3-phase equations

Three-Phase Electrical Motors

Full load amps - wire and conduit size

Torques in Electrical Motors

There are some common torques used to describe and classify electrical motors

Transformer

Ideal transformer

Transients

A transient is a high voltage spike caused by external or internal transient sources

Variable-Frequency Drives - Heat Loss and Required Ventilation

A variable-frequency drive develops heat loss during work. To avoid overheating it is often necessary to ventilate the location around the frequency-drive

Voltage Drop

Ohm's law and calculating voltage drop

Voltage Imbalance and Derating Factor in Polyphase Motors

The efficiency of an electrical polyphase motor decreases with increased voltage imbalance.

Wire Gauges

The common US wire gauges - AWG gauges

Engineering News

Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!