Rechargeable Batteries
Properties of rechargeable batteries or accumulators
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Properties of some different systems of rechargeable batteries are indicated in the table below:
| Type | Electrolyte | Operating Temperature (oC) |
Open Cell Voltage (V) |
Energy Density (Wh/kg) |
Charge/Discharge Efficiency (%) |
Power Densities | Life Cycle | ||
| Theoretical | Achievable | Peak (W/kg) |
Sustained (W/kg) |
||||||
| Lead-Acid | H2SO4 | -20 - 60 | 2.1-2.2 | 171 | 30-40 | 70-90 | 120 | 25 | 200-2000 |
| Nickel-Iron | KOH | 20 - 30 | 1.2 | 267 | 60 | 65 | 2000 | ||
| Zinc-Iron | KOH | 50 - 60 | 1.65 | 1084 | 90 | 45 | 600 | ||
| Sodium-Sulfur | β-Al2O3 | 300 - 400 | 1.76-2.08 | 664 | 120 | 70 | 240 | 120 | 2000 |
| Lithium-Iron Sulfide | LiCl-KCl | 400 - 450 | 1.6 | 869 | 150 | 75 | 1000 | ||
| Nickel-Cadmium | KOH | -40 - 60 | 1.2 | 40 - 60 | 70-90 | 300 | 140 | 500 - 2000 | |
| Nickel-Metal Hydride | KOH | 10 - 50 | 1.2 | 60 - 80 | 50 | 440 | 220 | < 3000 | |
| Nickel-Zinc | 60 | ||||||||
| Lithium ion | LiPF6 | -20 - 60 | 3.6 | 100 - 200 | 70 | 720 | 360 | 500 - 2000 | |
| Lithium-sulphide | AIN | 430 - 500 | 130 | 75 | 200 | 140 | 200 | ||
| Zinc-chlorine | ZnCl2 | 120 | 65 | 100 | |||||
| Lithium ion polymer | Li-β-Alu | -20 - 60 | 3.7 | 130-200 | 70 | >1200 | |||
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