Combustion

Boiler house topics - fuels like oil, gas, coal, wood - chimneys, safety valves, tanks and combustion efficiency

Adiabatic Flame Temperature

Adiabatic flame temperature of hydrogen, methane, propane and octane in Kelvins

Alternative Fuels Properties

Properties of alternative fuels like Biodiesel, E85, CNG and more

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite coal is available in standardized sizes

API Gravity

Expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products

ASTM Standard - Volume 05.06 Gaseous Fuels, Coal and Coke

An overview of the standards within ASTM Section 5 - Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels, - Volume 05.06 Gaseous Fuels, Coal and Coke

Biomass Combustion Emission

Emission from combustion of biomass

Boiler Efficiency

Boiler efficiency, combustion, gross and net calorific value

Boiling Point - Fuels

Some common fuels and their boiling points

Carbon Dioxide Emission Combustion Fuels

Environmental emission of carbon dioxide - CO2 - from fuels like coal, oil, natural gas, LPG and bio energy

Chimney Area and Heat Load

Boiler capacity and required chimney area

Chimney Sizing

Calculating chimney draft and chimney area

Chimneys and Fireplace Sizing

Chimneys and fireplace sizing for fireplaces and stoves burning wood or coal as fuel

Classification of Coal

Classification of coal based on volatile matter and cooking power of clean material

Classification of Gases

Classification as Oxidizers, Inert gases and Flammable gases

Combustion Air Supply to Boiler House

With incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide may be generated in the boiler - re-ignition of the carbon monoxide may cause disastrous effects on both personnel and property

Combustion Efficiency and Excess Air

Optimizing a boilers efficiency is important to minimize fuel consumption and unwanted excess to the environment

Combustion Processes and Combustion Efficiency

Typical furnace combustion efficiencies - fireplaces, space heater, boiler and more

Combustion Testing

Combusting testing of fuel oil and gas burners

Combustion Values for some common Fuel Gases

Combustion values for some common fuel gases - natural gas, propane and butane - in Btu per cubic feet

Energy Content in Biofuels

Common biofuels and their energy content

Energy Content some Common Sources

Common energy sources and their energy content

Explosion Doors in Chimneys

Recommended sizes of explosion doors or draught stabilizers for oil firing installations

Flame Temperatures for some Common Gases

Adiabatic flame temperatures for some common fuel gases as propane, butane, acetylene and more in air or oxygen atmosphere

Flash Point - Fuels

Some common fuels and their flash points

Fossil Fuels and Energy Content

Converting between some common fossil fuels

Fuel Gases - Heating Values

Heating values of more or less common fuel gases as acetylene, blast furnace gas, ethane, biogas and many more

Fuel Oil and Combustion Values

Combustion value in Btu/gal for fuel oils No.1 to No.6

Fuel Oil Burners

Pot-type, Gun-type and Rotary-type Oil Burners

Fuel Oil Pumps and Suction Capacities

Single stage or double stage fuel oil pumps and their suction capacities

Fuels - Combustion Air and Flue Gas

Combustion air and flue gas for common fuels as coke, oil, wood, natural gas and more

Fuels - Densities and Specific Volumes

Densities and specific volumes of some common fuels as anthracite, butane, coke, oil, wood and more

Fuels and Excess Air of Optimal Combustion Processes

Stable and efficient combustion conditions require correct mixtures of fuels and oxygen

Fuels and Exhaust Temperatures

Exhaust and outlet temperatures for natural gas, liquefied petroleum and diesel applications.

Fuels and Higher Calorific Values

Higher calorific values for some common fuels a coke, oil, wood, hydrogen and many more

Fuels Property Database

Online petroleum-based fuels property database

Fuels, Chemicals and their Ignition Temperatures

The ignition point for some common fuels and chemicals as butane, coke, hydrogen, petroleum and more

Fuelwood - the Cord

The cord is one of the most common units for purchasing fuelwood

Gaseous Fuels and Chemical Composition

Chemical composition of some common gaseous fuels like coal gas, natural gas, propane and more

Gases - Explosive and Flammability Concentration Limits

Flame and explosion limits for propane, methane, butane, acetylene and other gases

Gross and Net Heating Values for some common Gases

Gross heating and net heating value for some common gases as hydrogen, methane and more

Gross Combustion Value for some common Materials

Gross combustion values for some common materials as carbon, methane, ethylene and many more - values in Btu/lb

Head Loss in Oil Pipes

Head or pressure loss due to friction in oil pipes - various viscosity and laminar flow.

Heat Loss from Oil Pipes

Heat loss in W/mK and Btu/hr ft degF from oil tubes at temperatures from 10 to 38 degC (50 - 100 degF)

Heating Value

The gross (high) and net (low) heating values

Intermittent Combustion and Boiler Efficiency

Boiler efficiency is reduced by intermittent operation

Liquefied Natural Gas - LNG

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Methane - Converting between Liquid and Gaseous Units

Convert between common liquid and gaseous methane units

Natural Gas Consumption

Natural gas consumption in some common equipment as boiling pans, ovens, cookers, kettles and more

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emission when Combustion Fuels

Emission of Nitrogen Oxides - NOx - when combustion fuels like oil, coal, propane and more

Oil Pipes - Recommended Flow Velocities

Flow velocities in oil pipes should be within certain limits

Online Fuel Equivalents Calculator

Online calculator to compute the fuels equivalents - oil and gas

Propane Butane Mix Evaporation Pressure

The evaporation pressure of a Propane Butane mixture

Propane Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure in psi (bar) of propane vapor at temperatures ranging form -30 to 110 deg F (-42 to 43 degC )

Recommended Boiler Exhaust Velocity

The boiler exhaust velocity should be within certain limits

Sizing the Boiler Room

Minimum area of the boiler room

Standard Reference Fuels and Equivalents

Fuels reference standards and equivalents

Stoichiometric Combustion

Stoichiometric combustion and excess of air

Stoker Classification

Coal stokers can classified on basis of coal burning capacity

Viscosity of Fuel Oils

Fuels Oils and viscosity versus temperature

Water Circulation Rates Through Hot-Water Generators

Hot water circulation through boilers

Weight of Wood Species at various Moisture Contents

Weight of green and air-dry fuelwood of various species

Wobbe Index and Fuel Gases

The Wobbe index for some common fuel gases as propane, butane, methane and more

Wood and Bio Mass Heat

Combustion value of wet and dry wood in btu/pounds, kJ/kg and kcal/kg

Wood and Combustion Heat Values

Combustion heat values for Pine, Elm, Hickory and many more species

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