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Series Circuits

Voltage and current

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series circuits

In series circuits the sum of voltages is equal to the applied voltage and can be expressed as

V = V1 + V2 + ... + Vn (1)

where

V = applied voltage from the battery or source (Volts)

V1..n = voltage each resistor (Volts)

From Ohms Law 

Vn = In Rn (2)

where

In = current (Amps)

Rn = resistance (Ohms)

Since in a series circuit

I1 = I2 = .. = In (3) 

equation (1) can be modified to

R = R1 + R2 + .. + Rn (4)

where

R = total circuit resistance (Ohms, Ω)

Example - Series Circuit

For a 12 V car battery series circuit with three resistors 1.25 Ω, 0.5 Ω and 1.5 Ω, the total resistance can be calculated as

R = 1.0 Ω + 0.5 Ω + 1.5 Ω

    = 3 Ω

The series circuit current can be calculated as

I = V / R

    = 12 / 3

    = 4 Amps

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Related Topics

  • Electrical Amps and electrical wiring, AWG - wire gauge, electrical formulas, motors and units

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