Water - Specific Gravity vs. Temperature
Figures and tables showing specific gravity of liquid water in the range of 32 to 700 °F or 0 to 370°C, using water density at four different temperatures as reference.
Specific Gravity (= Relative Density) - SG - is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance - at a specified temperature and pressure, and can be expressed as
SG = ρsubstance / ρreference (3)
where
SG = Specific Gravity of the substance
ρsubstance = density of the fluid or substance [kg/m3]
ρreference = density of the reference [kg/m3]
It is most common to use the density of water at 4 oC (39oF) as a reference since water at this point has its highest density of 1000 kg/m3 or 1.940 sl/ft3. However, also the density at 60 °F (15.6°C) or 20 °C is often used as the reference temperature, e.g. related to crude oils and petroleum products. Water is normally also used as reference when calculating the specific gravity for solids. For gases it is air at room temperature (25°C). Pressure is nearly always 1 atm (101.325 kPa). The temperature and pressure must always be specified for both the sample and the reference.
Specific Gravity - SG - is dimensionless and has the same value in the SI system and the Imperial English system (BG).
Specific gravity of liquid water ranging 32 - 700 oF and 0 - 370 oC is given in figures and tables below:
See Water and Heavy Water - thermodynamic properties.
See also Water Boiling points at high pressure, Boiling points at vacuum pressure, Density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient, Dynamic and kinematic viscosity, Enthalpy and entropy, Heat of vaporization, Ionization Constant, pKw, of normal and heavy water, Melting points at high pressure, Saturation pressure, Specific heat (heat capacity) and Specific volume for online calculatores, and similar figures and tables as shown below.
Specific gravity (SG) for water is given for four different reference temperatures (4, 15, 15.6 and 20°C).
From 0 to 100°C the pressure is 1 atm, and for temperatures >100°C, the pressure is equal to water saturation pressure.
Temperature | Pressure | Density | SG at reference temperature | |||
[°C] | [g/cm3] | 4 °C | 15 °C | 15.6°C (60 °F) |
20 °C | |
0.1 |
1 atm 14.7 psi 101.3 kPa |
0.999850 | 0.99987 | 1.00075 | 1.00083 | 1.00165 |
1 | 0.999902 | 0.99993 | 1.00080 | 1.00089 | 1.00170 | |
4 | 0.999975 | 1.00000 | 1.00087 | 1.00096 | 1.00177 | |
10 | 0.999703 | 0.99973 | 1.00060 | 1.00069 | 1.00150 | |
15 | 0.999103 | 0.99913 | 1.00000 | 1.00009 | 1.00090 | |
20 | 0.998207 | 0.99823 | 0.99910 | 0.99919 | 1.00000 | |
25 | 0.997047 | 0.99707 | 0.99794 | 0.99803 | 0.99884 | |
30 | 0.995649 | 0.99567 | 0.99654 | 0.99663 | 0.99744 | |
35 | 0.99403 | 0.9941 | 0.9949 | 0.9950 | 0.9958 | |
40 | 0.99222 | 0.9922 | 0.9931 | 0.9932 | 0.9940 | |
45 | 0.99021 | 0.9902 | 0.9911 | 0.9912 | 0.9920 | |
50 | 0.98804 | 0.9881 | 0.9889 | 0.9890 | 0.9898 | |
55 | 0.98569 | 0.9857 | 0.9866 | 0.9867 | 0.9875 | |
60 | 0.98320 | 0.9832 | 0.9841 | 0.9842 | 0.9850 | |
65 | 0.98055 | 0.9806 | 0.9814 | 0.9815 | 0.9823 | |
70 | 0.97776 | 0.9778 | 0.9786 | 0.9787 | 0.9795 | |
75 | 0.97484 | 0.9749 | 0.9757 | 0.9758 | 0.9766 | |
80 | 0.97179 | 0.9718 | 0.9727 | 0.9727 | 0.9735 | |
85 | 0.96861 | 0.9686 | 0.9695 | 0.9696 | 0.9704 | |
90 | 0.96531 | 0.9653 | 0.9662 | 0.9663 | 0.9670 | |
95 | 0.96189 | 0.9619 | 0.9628 | 0.9628 | 0.9636 | |
99 | 0.95907 | 0.9591 | 0.9599 | 0.9600 | 0.9608 | |
99.974 | 0.95837 | 0.9584 | 0.9592 | 0.9593 | 0.9601 | |
[°C] | Pressure = saturation pressure [kPa] |
[g/cm3] | 4 °C | 15 °C | 15.6°C (60 °F) |
20 °C |
100 | 101.4 | 0.9584 | 0.9584 | 0.9592 | 0.9593 | 0.9601 |
110 | 143.4 | 0.9510 | 0.9510 | 0.9518 | 0.9519 | 0.9527 |
120 | 198.9 | 0.9431 | 0.9431 | 0.9440 | 0.9440 | 0.9448 |
140 | 362.3 | 0.9261 | 0.9262 | 0.9270 | 0.9270 | 0.9278 |
160 | 620.1 | 0.9075 | 0.9075 | 0.9083 | 0.9083 | 0.9091 |
180 | 1003 | 0.8870 | 0.8870 | 0.8878 | 0.8879 | 0.8886 |
200 | 1553 | 0.8647 | 0.8647 | 0.8654 | 0.8655 | 0.8662 |
220 | 2318 | 0.8402 | 0.8402 | 0.8410 | 0.8410 | 0.8417 |
240 | 3347 | 0.8134 | 0.8134 | 0.8141 | 0.8142 | 0.8148 |
260 | 4694 | 0.7836 | 0.7836 | 0.7843 | 0.7844 | 0.7850 |
280 | 6419 | 0.7503 | 0.7503 | 0.7510 | 0.7510 | 0.7516 |
300 | 8588 | 0.7121 | 0.7122 | 0.7128 | 0.7128 | 0.7134 |
320 | 11281 | 0.6671 | 0.6671 | 0.6677 | 0.6677 | 0.6683 |
340 | 14600 | 0.6107 | 0.6107 | 0.6112 | 0.6113 | 0.6118 |
360 | 18672 | 0.5276 | 0.5276 | 0.5281 | 0.5281 | 0.5285 |
374 | 22043 | 0.322 | 0.322 | 0.322 | 0.322 | 0.323 |
Specific gravity (SG) for water is given for four different reference temperatures (39.2, 59, 60 and 68°F).
From 32 to 212°F the pressure is 14.7 psi, and for temperatures >212°F, the pressure is equal to water saturation pressure.
Temperature | Pressure | Density | SG at refence temperatures | |||
[°F] | [lbm/ft3] | 39.2°F | 59°F (15°C ) |
60°F | 68°F (20°C) |
|
32.2 |
14.7 psi 101.3 kPa 1 atm |
62.418 | 0.9999 | 1.0007 | 1.0008 | 1.0016 |
34 | 62.422 | 0.9999 | 1.0008 | 1.0009 | 1.0017 | |
39.2 | 62.426 | 1.0000 | 1.0009 | 1.0010 | 1.0018 | |
50 | 62.409 | 0.9997 | 1.0006 | 1.0007 | 1.0015 | |
60 | 62.366 | 0.9990 | 0.9999 | 1.0000 | 1.0008 | |
70 | 62.301 | 0.9980 | 0.9989 | 0.9990 | 0.9998 | |
80 | 62.215 | 0.9966 | 0.9975 | 0.9976 | 0.9984 | |
90 | 62.109 | 0.9949 | 0.9958 | 0.9959 | 0.9967 | |
100 | 61.993 | 0.9931 | 0.9939 | 0.9940 | 0.9948 | |
110 | 61.860 | 0.9909 | 0.9918 | 0.9919 | 0.9927 | |
120 | 61.712 | 0.9886 | 0.9894 | 0.9895 | 0.9903 | |
130 | 61.551 | 0.9860 | 0.9868 | 0.9869 | 0.9877 | |
140 | 61.379 | 0.9832 | 0.9841 | 0.9842 | 0.9850 | |
150 | 61.194 | 0.9803 | 0.9811 | 0.9812 | 0.9820 | |
160 | 61.000 | 0.9772 | 0.9780 | 0.9781 | 0.9789 | |
170 | 60.795 | 0.9739 | 0.9747 | 0.9748 | 0.9756 | |
180 | 60.579 | 0.9704 | 0.9713 | 0.9713 | 0.9721 | |
190 | 60.354 | 0.9668 | 0.9677 | 0.9677 | 0.9685 | |
200 | 60.121 | 0.9631 | 0.9639 | 0.9640 | 0.9648 | |
210 | 59.878 | 0.9592 | 0.9600 | 0.9601 | 0.9609 | |
211.95 | 59.829 | 0.9584 | 0.9592 | 0.9593 | 0.9601 | |
[°F] | Pressure = saturation pressure [psi] |
[lbm/ft3] | 39.2°F | 59°F (15°C) | 60°F | 68°F (20°C) |
220 | 17.2 | 59.63 | 0.9552 | 0.9560 | 0.9561 | 0.9569 |
240 | 25.0 | 59.10 | 0.9467 | 0.9475 | 0.9476 | 0.9484 |
260 | 35.5 | 58.53 | 0.9375 | 0.9384 | 0.9384 | 0.9392 |
280 | 49.3 | 57.93 | 0.9279 | 0.9287 | 0.9288 | 0.9296 |
300 | 67.3 | 57.29 | 0.9177 | 0.9185 | 0.9186 | 0.9193 |
350 | 135 | 55.59 | 0.8905 | 0.8913 | 0.8914 | 0.8921 |
400 | 247 | 53.67 | 0.8598 | 0.8606 | 0.8606 | 0.8613 |
450 | 422 | 51.45 | 0.8242 | 0.8250 | 0.8250 | 0.8257 |
500 | 681 | 48.92 | 0.7837 | 0.7843 | 0.7844 | 0.7850 |
550 | 1045 | 45.95 | 0.7360 | 0.7367 | 0.7367 | 0.7373 |
600 | 1542 | 42.36 | 0.6786 | 0.6792 | 0.6793 | 0.6798 |
625 | 1851 | 40.12 | 0.6426 | 0.6432 | 0.6433 | 0.6438 |
650 | 2208 | 37.35 | 0.5982 | 0.5988 | 0.5988 | 0.5993 |
675 | 2619 | 33.79 | 0.5412 | 0.5417 | 0.5417 | 0.5422 |
700 | 3092 | 29.07 | 0.4657 | 0.4661 | 0.4662 | 0.4666 |