Steam Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics of steam and condensate applications
Air and Steam Mixture
Air in the steam will lower the surface temperatures in heat exchangers - and less heat will be transferred
Arithmetic and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Differences in Heat Exchangers
Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference - AMTD - and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference - LMTD - formulas with examples - Online Mean Temperature Calculator
Boiler Capacity
Steam boilers output can be expressed in Boiler Horsepower, MBTU or in Pounds of Steam delivered per hour
Boiler Horsepower
Heat transfer area and boiler horsepower
Conductive Heat Transfer
Heat transfer takes place as conduction in a solid if there is a temperature gradient
Cylinders and Pipes - Conductive Heat Losses
Conductive heat losses through cylinder or pipe walls
Diffusion Coefficients Gases in Water
Diffusion flux [kg/m2s] tells how fast a substanse solved in another substance flows due to concentration gradients. Diffusion constants [m2/s] are given for several gases in water
Electric Heating of Mass
Electric heating of an object or mass - energy supply and temperature change
Enthalpy of Superheated Steam
Enthalpy of steam superheated to temperatures above boiling point
Enthalpy of Wet Steam
Wet steam, the dryness fraction and enthalpy
Entropy of Superheated Steam
Entropy of steam superheated to temperatures above saturation point
Fluid Heat Transfer Coefficients - Heat Exchanger Surface Combinations
Average overall heat transmission coefficients for some common fluids and surface combinations as Water to Air, Water to Water, Air to Air, Steam to Water and more
Heating Air with Steam
Calculate air heating with steam
Heating Water by Injecting Steam
Water can be heated by injecting steam
Humidifying Air with Steam - SI units
Use steam to humidify air
Ice / Water - Melting Points at Higher Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing melting points of ice to water at pressures ranging from 0 to 29000 psia (0 to 2000 bara). Temperature given as °C, °F, K and °R.
Moisture Holding Capacity of Air
Moisture holding capacity of air increases with temperature
Mollier Diagram for Water-Steam
Enthalpy-entropy diagram for water and steam
Online Saturated Steam Table Calculator
Online calculator to compute the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam
Power Plant Performance Efficiency
Power plant heat rate, thermal efficiency, capacity factor, load factor, economic efficiency, operational efficiency, energy efficiency
Properties of Saturated Steam - Imperial Units
Steam table with sensible, latent and total heat, and specific volume at different gauge pressures and temperatures
Properties of Saturated Steam - Pressure in Bar
Saturated Steam Table with properties like boiling point, specific volume, density, specific enthalpy, specific heat and latent heat of vaporization
Properties of Saturated Steam - SI Units
A Saturated Steam Table with steam properties as specific volume, density, specific enthalpy and specific entropy
Specific Volume of Wet Steam
Wet steam and specific volume
Steam & Condensate Equations
Steam consumption and condensate generation when heating liquid or gas flows
Steam - Enthalpy and Entropy Diagram
An enthalpy and entropy chart for steam
Steam and Vapor Enthalpy
Introduction and definition of vapor and steam enthalpy - specific enthalpy of saturated liquid, saturated vapor and superheated vapor
Steam Condensation and Heat Transfer
Heat transfer when condensing steam
Steam Entropy
Basic steam thermodynamics and the entropy diagram
Steam Flow Rate versus kW Rating
Calculate steam flow rate when kW rating is known
Steam Heating Process - Load Calculating
Calculating the amount of steam in non-flow batch and continuous flow heating processes
Steam Viscosity
Absolute viscosity of steam at pressure ranging 1 - 10000 psia
Total Dissolved Solids - TDS
In a boiler generating steam impurities from the feedwater will concentrate in the boiling water
Vapor and Steam
Introduction to vapor and steam
Water - Boiling Points at Vacuum Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables giving the boiling temperatures of water in varying vacuum, SI and Imperial units.
Water - Heat of Vaporization
Online calculator, figures and tables showing heat of vaporization of water, at temperatures from 0 - 370 °C (32 - 700 °F) - SI and Imperial units
Water - Prandtl Number
Figures and tables showing Prandtl Number of liquid and gaseous water at varying temperarure and pressure, SI and Imperial units
Water - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions
Figures and tables showing how the properties of water changes along the boiling/condensation curve (vapor pressure, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat, Prandtl number, thermal diffusivity, entropy and enthalpy).
Water - Saturation Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing water saturation (vapor) pressure at temperatures ranging from 0 to 370 °C and from 32 to 700°F - in Imperial and SI Units
Water - Thermal Conductivity
Figures and tables showing thermal conductivity of water (liquid and gas phase) with varying temperature and pressure, SI and Imperial units
Water - Thermal Diffusivity
Figures and tables showing thermal diffusivity of liquid and gaseous water at varying temperarure and pressure, SI and Imperial units
Water Boiling Points at Higher Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing boiling points of water at pressures ranging from 14.7 to 3200 psia (1 to 220 bara). Temperature given as °C, °F, K and °R.
Water vs Steam - Critical and Triple Point
Critical point is where vapor and liquid are indistinguishable and triple point is where ice, water and vapor coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium
Wet Steam Quality and Dryness Fraction
Introduction and definition of steam quality and dryness fraction including calculating wet steam enthalpy and specific volume