1) Atmospheric pressure is used for the table except for 2)
2) Critical Point - At 3206.2 psia and 705.40 oF the vapor and liquid are indistinguishable. No change of state occurs when pressure increases above the critical point or when heat is added. At the critical point it is no longer referred to water or steam and it is not possible keep the water and steam apart.
Note! Gauge Pressure = Absolute Pressure - Atmospheric Pressure
NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure - is defined as 20oC (293.15 K, 68oF) and 1 atm ( 101.325 kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)
At atmospheric pressure - 0 psig - water boils at 212 oF. 180 Btu/lb of energy is required to heat 1 lb of water to saturation temperature 212 oF.
Therefore, at 0 psig and 212 oF - the specific enthalpy of water is 180 Btu/lb.
Another 970 Btu/lb of energy is required to evaporate the 1 lb of water at 212 oF to steam at 212 oF. Therefore, at 0 psig - the specific enthalpy of evaporation is 970 Btu/lb.
The total specific enthalpy of the steam (or heat required to evaporate water to steam) at atmospheric pressure and 212 oF can be summarized to
hs = (180 Btu/lb) + ( 970 Btu/lb)
= 1150 Btu/lb
Flash steam generation - thermodynamic fundamentals, heat loss, energy recovery and more.
Sizing of steam and condensate pipe lines - pressure loss, recommended velocity, capacity and more.
Steam & condensate systems- properties, capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration and more.
Thermodynamics of steam and condensate systems.
Calculate flash steam generation in condensate pipe lines.
Heat transfer when steam condensates.
Evaporation of water from a water surface - like a swimming pool or an open tank - depends on water temperature, air temperature, air humidity and air velocity above the water surface - online calculator.
Evaporative cooling tutorial.
When flash steam is generated and vented to the surroundings a considerable amount of energy is lost
Tutorial to the basic physics behind flash steam generation
When condensate passes steam traps - flash steam is generated.
When condensate leaves the steam traps - flash steam is generated. Amount of flash steam generated at different pressures - kN/m2.
Water can be heated by injecting steam.
Latent heat is the heat when supplied to or removed from air results in a change in moisture content - the temperature of the air is not changed.
Saturated Steam Table with steam properties as specific volume, density, specific enthalpy and specific entropy.
Steam table with sensible, latent and total heat, and specific volume at different gauge pressures and temperatures.
Steam table with sensible, latent and total heat, and specific volume at different gauge pressures and temperatures.
Saturated Steam Table with properties like boiling point, specific volume, density, specific enthalpy, specific heat and latent heat of vaporization.
Steam is a compressible gas where the capacity of a pipe line depends on the size of the pipe and the steam pressure.
Absolute viscosity of steam at pressure ranging 1 - 10000 psia.
Vapor and steam enthalpy, specific enthalpy of saturated liquid, saturated vapor and superheated vapor.
Calculate the stress in steam boiler shells caused by steam pressure.
Basic steam thermodynamics - entropy diagram.
Calculate steam heated air systems.
Steam systems carries heat through pipes from the boiler to consumers as heat exchangers, process equipment etc.
An introduction to the basic design of steam heating systems.
Calculate pressure drops in steam distribution pipe lines.
Steam pipes and pressure drop diagrams - imperial and metric units.
Steam trap selection guide - Float & Thermostatic, Inverted Bucket, Bimetal Thermostatic, Impulse and Thermodynamic Disc steam traps.
The definition of STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure and NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure.
Enthalpy of steam superheated to temperatures above it's boiling point.
An introduction to vapor and steam.
Figures and tables showing the enthalpy and entropy of liquid water as function of temperature - SI and Imperial Units.
Vapor pressure and specific weight of water at temperatures ranging 32 to 212 oF - Imperial Units.
Online calculator, figures and tables showing Specific Volume of water at temperatures ranging from 0-370 °C and 32 - 700 °F - Imperial and IS Units.
Thermal properties of water at different temperatures like density, freezing temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of melting, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more.
Enthalpy-entropy diagram for water and steam.
Wet steam, dryness fraction and enthalpy.
Introduction and definition of steam quality and dryness fraction including calculating wet steam enthalpy and specific volume.
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