Saturated Steam - Properties for Pressure in Bar
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| Absolute Pressure | Boiling Point | Specific Volume (steam) | Density (steam) | Specific Enthalpy of Liquid Water (sensible heat) | Specific Enthalpy of Steam (total heat) | Latent heat of Vaporization | Specific Heat | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (bar) | (oC) | (m3/kg) | (kg/m3) | (kJ/kg) | (kcal/kg) | (kJ/kg) | (kcal/kg) | (kJ/kg) | (kcal/kg) | (kJ/kg K) |
| 0.02 | 17.51 | 67.006 | 0.015 | 73.45 | 17.54 | 2533.64 | 605.15 | 2460.19 | 587.61 | 1.8644 |
| 0.03 | 24.10 | 45.667 | 0.022 | 101.00 | 24.12 | 2545.64 | 608.02 | 2444.65 | 583.89 | 1.8694 |
| 0.04 | 28.98 | 34.802 | 0.029 | 121.41 | 29.00 | 2554.51 | 610.13 | 2433.10 | 581.14 | 1.8736 |
| 0.05 | 32.90 | 28.194 | 0.035 | 137.77 | 32.91 | 2561.59 | 611.83 | 2423.82 | 578.92 | 1.8774 |
| 0.06 | 36.18 | 23.741 | 0.042 | 151.50 | 36.19 | 2567.51 | 613.24 | 2416.01 | 577.05 | 1.8808 |
| 0.07 | 39.02 | 20.531 | 0.049 | 163.38 | 39.02 | 2572.62 | 614.46 | 2409.24 | 575.44 | 1.8840 |
| 0.08 | 41.53 | 18.105 | 0.055 | 173.87 | 41.53 | 2577.11 | 615.53 | 2403.25 | 574.01 | 1.8871 |
| 0.09 | 43.79 | 16.204 | 0.062 | 183.28 | 43.78 | 2581.14 | 616.49 | 2397.85 | 572.72 | 1.8899 |
| 0.1 | 45.83 | 14.675 | 0.068 | 191.84 | 45.82 | 2584.78 | 617.36 | 2392.94 | 571.54 | 1.8927 |
| 0.2 | 60.09 | 7.650 | 0.131 | 251.46 | 60.06 | 2609.86 | 623.35 | 2358.40 | 563.30 | 1.9156 |
| 0.3 | 69.13 | 5.229 | 0.191 | 289.31 | 69.10 | 2625.43 | 627.07 | 2336.13 | 557.97 | 1.9343 |
| 0.4 | 75.89 | 3.993 | 0.250 | 317.65 | 75.87 | 2636.88 | 629.81 | 2319.23 | 553.94 | 1.9506 |
| 0.5 | 81.35 | 3.240 | 0.309 | 340.57 | 81.34 | 2645.99 | 631.98 | 2305.42 | 550.64 | 1.9654 |
| 0.6 | 85.95 | 2.732 | 0.366 | 359.93 | 85.97 | 2653.57 | 633.79 | 2293.64 | 547.83 | 1.9790 |
| 0.7 | 89.96 | 2.365 | 0.423 | 376.77 | 89.99 | 2660.07 | 635.35 | 2283.30 | 545.36 | 1.9919 |
| 0.8 | 93.51 | 2.087 | 0.479 | 391.73 | 93.56 | 2665.77 | 636.71 | 2274.05 | 543.15 | 2.0040 |
| 0.9 | 96.71 | 1.869 | 0.535 | 405.21 | 96.78 | 2670.85 | 637.92 | 2265.65 | 541.14 | 2.0156 |
| 1 1) | 99.63 | 1.694 | 0.590 | 417.51 | 99.72 | 2675.43 | 639.02 | 2257.92 | 539.30 | 2.0267 |
| 1.1 | 102.32 | 1.549 | 0.645 | 428.84 | 102.43 | 2679.61 | 640.01 | 2250.76 | 537.59 | 2.0373 |
| 1.2 | 104.81 | 1.428 | 0.700 | 439.36 | 104.94 | 2683.44 | 640.93 | 2244.08 | 535.99 | 2.0476 |
| 1.3 | 107.13 | 1.325 | 0.755 | 449.19 | 107.29 | 2686.98 | 641.77 | 2237.79 | 534.49 | 2.0576 |
| 1.4 | 109.32 | 1.236 | 0.809 | 458.42 | 109.49 | 2690.28 | 642.56 | 2231.86 | 533.07 | 2.0673 |
| 1.5 | 111.37 | 1.159 | 0.863 | 467.13 | 111.57 | 2693.36 | 643.30 | 2226.23 | 531.73 | 2.0768 |
| 1.6 | 113.32 | 1.091 | 0.916 | 475.38 | 113.54 | 2696.25 | 643.99 | 2220.87 | 530.45 | 2.0860 |
| 1.7 | 115.17 | 1.031 | 0.970 | 483.22 | 115.42 | 2698.97 | 644.64 | 2215.75 | 529.22 | 2.0950 |
| 1.8 | 116.93 | 0.977 | 1.023 | 490.70 | 117.20 | 2701.54 | 645.25 | 2210.84 | 528.05 | 2.1037 |
| 1.9 | 118.62 | 0.929 | 1.076 | 497.85 | 118.91 | 2703.98 | 645.83 | 2206.13 | 526.92 | 2.1124 |
| 2 | 120.23 | 0.885 | 1.129 | 504.71 | 120.55 | 2706.29 | 646.39 | 2201.59 | 525.84 | 2.1208 |
| 2.2 | 123.27 | 0.810 | 1.235 | 517.63 | 123.63 | 2710.60 | 647.42 | 2192.98 | 523.78 | 2.1372 |
| 2.4 | 126.09 | 0.746 | 1.340 | 529.64 | 126.50 | 2714.55 | 648.36 | 2184.91 | 521.86 | 2.1531 |
| 2.6 | 128.73 | 0.693 | 1.444 | 540.88 | 129.19 | 2718.17 | 649.22 | 2177.30 | 520.04 | 2.1685 |
| 2.8 | 131.20 | 0.646 | 1.548 | 551.45 | 131.71 | 2721.54 | 650.03 | 2170.08 | 518.32 | 2.1835 |
| 3 | 133.54 | 0.606 | 1.651 | 561.44 | 134.10 | 2724.66 | 650.77 | 2163.22 | 516.68 | 2.1981 |
| 3.5 | 138.87 | 0.524 | 1.908 | 584.28 | 139.55 | 2731.63 | 652.44 | 2147.35 | 512.89 | 2.2331 |
| 4 | 143.63 | 0.462 | 2.163 | 604.68 | 144.43 | 2737.63 | 653.87 | 2132.95 | 509.45 | 2.2664 |
| 4.5 | 147.92 | 0.414 | 2.417 | 623.17 | 148.84 | 2742.88 | 655.13 | 2119.71 | 506.29 | 2.2983 |
| 5 | 151.85 | 0.375 | 2.669 | 640.12 | 152.89 | 2747.54 | 656.24 | 2107.42 | 503.35 | 2.3289 |
| 5.5 | 155.47 | 0.342 | 2.920 | 655.81 | 156.64 | 2751.70 | 657.23 | 2095.90 | 500.60 | 2.3585 |
| 6 | 158.84 | 0.315 | 3.170 | 670.43 | 160.13 | 2755.46 | 658.13 | 2085.03 | 498.00 | 2.3873 |
| 6.5 | 161.99 | 0.292 | 3.419 | 684.14 | 163.40 | 2758.87 | 658.94 | 2074.73 | 495.54 | 2.4152 |
| 7 | 164.96 | 0.273 | 3.667 | 697.07 | 166.49 | 2761.98 | 659.69 | 2064.92 | 493.20 | 2.4424 |
| 7.5 | 167.76 | 0.255 | 3.915 | 709.30 | 169.41 | 2764.84 | 660.37 | 2055.53 | 490.96 | 2.4690 |
| 8 | 170.42 | 0.240 | 4.162 | 720.94 | 172.19 | 2767.46 | 661.00 | 2046.53 | 488.80 | 2.4951 |
| 8.5 | 172.94 | 0.227 | 4.409 | 732.03 | 174.84 | 2769.89 | 661.58 | 2037.86 | 486.73 | 2.5206 |
| 9 | 175.36 | 0.215 | 4.655 | 742.64 | 177.38 | 2772.13 | 662.11 | 2029.49 | 484.74 | 2.5456 |
| 9.5 | 177.67 | 0.204 | 4.901 | 752.82 | 179.81 | 2774.22 | 662.61 | 2021.40 | 482.80 | 2.5702 |
| 10 | 179.88 | 0.194 | 5.147 | 762.60 | 182.14 | 2776.16 | 663.07 | 2013.56 | 480.93 | 2.5944 |
| 11 | 184.06 | 0.177 | 5.638 | 781.11 | 186.57 | 2779.66 | 663.91 | 1998.55 | 477.35 | 2.6418 |
| 12 | 187.96 | 0.163 | 6.127 | 798.42 | 190.70 | 2782.73 | 664.64 | 1984.31 | 473.94 | 2.6878 |
| 13 | 191.60 | 0.151 | 6.617 | 814.68 | 194.58 | 2785.42 | 665.29 | 1970.73 | 470.70 | 2.7327 |
| 14 | 195.04 | 0.141 | 7.106 | 830.05 | 198.26 | 2787.79 | 665.85 | 1957.73 | 467.60 | 2.7767 |
| 15 | 198.28 | 0.132 | 7.596 | 844.64 | 201.74 | 2789.88 | 666.35 | 1945.24 | 464.61 | 2.8197 |
| 16 | 201.37 | 0.124 | 8.085 | 858.54 | 205.06 | 2791.73 | 666.79 | 1933.19 | 461.74 | 2.8620 |
| 17 | 204.30 | 0.117 | 8.575 | 871.82 | 208.23 | 2793.37 | 667.18 | 1921.55 | 458.95 | 2.9036 |
| 18 | 207.11 | 0.110 | 9.065 | 884.55 | 211.27 | 2794.81 | 667.53 | 1910.27 | 456.26 | 2.9445 |
| 19 | 209.79 | 0.105 | 9.556 | 896.78 | 214.19 | 2796.09 | 667.83 | 1899.31 | 453.64 | 2.9849 |
| 20 | 212.37 | 0.100 | 10.047 | 908.56 | 217.01 | 2797.21 | 668.10 | 1888.65 | 451.10 | 3.0248 |
| 21 | 214.85 | 0.095 | 10.539 | 919.93 | 219.72 | 2798.18 | 668.33 | 1878.25 | 448.61 | 3.0643 |
| 22 | 217.24 | 0.091 | 11.032 | 930.92 | 222.35 | 2799.03 | 668.54 | 1868.11 | 446.19 | 3.1034 |
| 23 | 219.55 | 0.087 | 11.525 | 941.57 | 224.89 | 2799.77 | 668.71 | 1858.20 | 443.82 | 3.1421 |
| 24 | 221.78 | 0.083 | 12.020 | 951.90 | 227.36 | 2800.39 | 668.86 | 1848.49 | 441.50 | 3.1805 |
| 25 | 223.94 | 0.080 | 12.515 | 961.93 | 229.75 | 2800.91 | 668.99 | 1838.98 | 439.23 | 3.2187 |
| 26 | 226.03 | 0.077 | 13.012 | 971.69 | 232.08 | 2801.35 | 669.09 | 1829.66 | 437.01 | 3.2567 |
| 27 | 228.06 | 0.074 | 13.509 | 981.19 | 234.35 | 2801.69 | 669.17 | 1820.50 | 434.82 | 3.2944 |
| 28 | 230.04 | 0.071 | 14.008 | 990.46 | 236.57 | 2801.96 | 669.24 | 1811.50 | 432.67 | 3.3320 |
| 29 | 231.96 | 0.069 | 14.508 | 999.50 | 238.73 | 2802.15 | 669.28 | 1802.65 | 430.56 | 3.3695 |
| 30 | 233.84 | 0.067 | 15.009 | 1008.33 | 240.84 | 2802.27 | 669.31 | 1793.94 | 428.48 | 3.4069 |
1) 1 bar abs = 0 bar gauge = 0.98692 atm = 100 kPa abs = Standard Atmospheric Pressure (IUPAC system)
- Vacuum steam is the general term used for saturated steam at temperatures below 100°C.
Steam evaporators used in industrial and waste water applications operates with pressures lower that the atmospheric pressure. In steam distribution system the pressure is almost always more than 0 bar gauge.
Example - Boiling Water at 100 oC, 0 bar (100 kPa) Atmospheric Pressure
At atmospheric pressure (0 bar g, absolute 1 bar ) water boils at 100 oC and 417.51 kJ of energy is required to heat 1 kg of water from 0 oC to evaporating temperature 100 oC.
Therefore the specific enthalpy of water at 0 bar g (absolute 1 bar ) and 100 oC is 417.51 kJ/kg.
Another 2257.92 kJ of energy is required to evaporate 1 kg of water at 100 oC into 1 kg of steam at 100 oC. Therefore at 0 bar g (absolute 1 bar) the specific enthalpy of vaporation is 2257.19 kJ/kg.
The total specific enthalpy for steam at 0 bar gauge is:
hs = (417.51 kJ/kg) + (2257.92 kJ/kg)
= 2675.43 kJ/kg
Example - Boiling Water at 170 oC and 7 bar (700 kPa) Atmospheric Pressure
At 7 bar g (absolute 8 bar) the saturation temperature of water is 170.42 oC. More heat energy is required to raise its temperature to saturation point at 7 bar g than needed when the water is at atmospheric pressure. According the table 720.94 kJ is required to raise 1 kg of water from 0 oC to saturation temperature 170 oC.
The heat energy (enthalpy of evaporation) needed at 7 bar g to vaporize the water to steam is actually less than required at atmospheric pressure. The specific enthalpy of vaporization decreases with steam pressure. The evaporation heat is 2046.53 kJ/kg at 7 bar g.
- Note! The specific volume of steam decreases with increased pressure - and the amount of heat energy distributed by the same volume increase. With higher pressure - more energy can be transferred in a steam distribution system.
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