dT = change in fluid temperature (oC)
If we know the heat transfer rate - the amount of steam can be calculated:
ms = P / he (4)
where
ms = mass of steam (kg/s)
P = calculated heat transfer (kW)
he = evaporation energy of the steam (kJ/kg)
The evaporation energy at different steam pressures can be found in the Steam Table with SI Units or in the Steam Table with Imperial Units.
A quantity of water is heated with steam of 5 bar (6 bar abs) from a temperature of 35 oC to 100 oC over a period of 20 minutes (1200 seconds). The mass of water is 50 kg and the specific heat of water is 4.19 kJ/kg.oC.
Heat transfer rate:
P = (50 kg) (4.19 kJ/kg oC) ((100 oC) - (35 oC)) / (1200 s)
= 11.35 kW
Amount of steam:
ms = (11.35 kW) / (2085 kJ/kg)
= 0.0055 kg/s
= 19.6 kg/h
Water flowing at a constant rate of 3 l/s is heated from 10 oC to 60 oC with steam at 8 bar (9 bar abs).
The heat flow rate can be expressed as:
P = (4.19 kJ/kg.oC) ((60 oC) - (10 oC)) (3 l/s) (1 kg/l)
= 628.5 kW
The steam flow rate can be expressed as:
ms = (628.5 kW) / (2030 kJ/kg)
= 0.31 kg/s
= 1115 kg/h
Steam and condensate pipes - heat loss uninsulated and insulated pipes, insulation thickness and more.
Sizing of steam and condensate pipe lines - pressure loss, recommended velocity, capacity and more.
Steam & condensate systems- properties, capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration and more.
Thermodynamics of steam and condensate systems.
Air can be humidified by adding water or steam.
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Air in the steam will lower the surface temperatures in heat exchangers - and less heat will be transferred.
Air heating buildings - heat supply vs. air flow and temperature.
The International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code safety rules governing design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, and nuclear power plant components during construction.
Steam boilers output can be expressed in Boiler Horsepower, MBTU or in Pounds of Steam delivered per hour.
When cold steam pipes are heated up they generate huge amounts of condensate that must be drained away from the pipe through steam traps - in Imperial Units.
Heat transfer when steam condensates.
Latent and sensible cooling and heating equations - imperial units.
Fluid energy transfer.
Calculating steam and condensate loads in steam heated systems.
Energy required to heat up a substance.
Water can be heated by injecting steam.
Heat loss from steam pipes generates condensate which must be drained from the system - imperial units.
Steam is a compressible gas where pipe line mass flow capacity depends on steam pressure.
Steam is a compressible gas where the capacity of a pipe line depends on the size of the pipe and the steam pressure.
Steam consumption and condensate generation when heating liquid or gas flows
Calculate steam flow rate vs. kW rating.
Steam consumption rates for typical steam heated consumers in industries like bakeries, breweries, paper factories etc.
Calculate steam heated air systems.
Steam systems carries heat through pipes from the boiler to consumers as heat exchangers, process equipment etc.
An introduction to the basic design of steam heating systems.
Sizing of steam pipe lines - major and minor loss in steam distribution systems.
Steam radiators and steam convectors - heating capacities and temperature coefficients.
Steam trap selection guide - Float & Thermostatic, Inverted Bucket, Bimetal Thermostatic, Impulse and Thermodynamic Disc steam traps.
Heat transfer coefficients for steam and hot water coils submerged in oil tanks.
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