Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!

This is an AMP page - Open full page! for all features.

Toluene - Thermophysical Properties

Sponsored Links

Toluene, C6H5-CH3,  is a clear colorless liquid, highly flammable with a sweet, pungent aromatic odor.

Toluene is less dense than water and is slightly soluble in water. Hence it floats on water. Toluene vapor is heavier than air. Toluene may be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.

Toluene is present in crude oils and is a product of oil-refining processes, thus it is used in aviation and automotive fuels. It is also used as a solvent, and to make other chemicals. 

The phase diagram of toluene is shown below the table.

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of toluene:
Values are given for liquid at 25oC /77oF / 298 K and 1 bara, if not other phase, temperature or pressure given.

For full table with Imperial Units - rotate the screen!

Toluene - Thermophysical Properties
Property Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit
Autoignition temperature 753 K 480 °C 896 °F
Boiling Point 383.8 K 110.6 °C 231.1 °F
Critical density 3.16 mol/dm3 291 kg/m3 0.565 slug/ft3 18.2 lb/ft3
Critical pressure 4.13 MPa=MN/m2 41.3 bar 40.7 atm 598 psi=lbf/in2
Critical temperature 592 K 319 °C 605 °F
Critical volume 316 cm3/mol 0.00343 m3/kg 1.77 ft3/slug 0.0550 ft3/lb
Density 9355 mol/m3 862.0 kg/m3 1.673 slug/ft3 53.81 lb/ft3
Flammable, gas and liquid yes highly
Flash point 277 K 4 °C 39 °F
Gas constant, individual, R 90.2 J/kg K 0.02507 Wh/(kg K) 539.6 [ft lbf/slug °R] 16.77 [ft lbf/lb °R]
Gibbs free energy of formation (gas) 122 kJ/mol 1324 kJ/kg 569 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (liquid) -3920 kJ/mol -42545 kJ/kg -18291 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas) 50 kJ/mol 543 kJ/kg 233 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (liquid) 12 kJ/mol 130 kJ/kg 56 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of fusion at -139.3°F/-95.2°C 6.6 kJ/mol 72 kJ/kg 30.80 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation 38.0 kJ/mol 413 kJ/kg 177 Btu/lb
Specifc heat capacity, Cp (gas) 103.7 J/mol K 1.13 kJ/kg K 0.269 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat capacity, Cp (liquid) 157 J/mol K 1.70 kJ/kg K 0.407 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat capacity, Cv (liquid) 116.1 J/mol K 1.26 kJ/kg K 0.301 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Ionization potential 8.82 eV
log KOW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient) 2.73
Melting point 178.25 K -94.9 °C -138.8 °F
Molecular Weight 92.138 g/mol 0.20313 lb/mol
Solubility in water, at 25°C 0.526 mg/ml
Sound velocity 1305 m/s 4280 ft/s 2923 mi/h
Specific Gravity (gas) (relativ to air) 3.10
Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water) 0.87
Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) - CP/CV 1.35
Specific Volume 0.0001069 m3/mol 0.00116 m3/kg 0.598 ft3/slug 0.0186 ft3/lb
Standard molar entropy, S° (gas) 321 J/mol K 3.48 kJ/kg K 0.83 Btu/lb °F
Standard molar entropy, S° (liquid) 220 J/mol K 2.39 kJ/kg K 0.57 Btu/lb °F
Surface tension 27.73 dynes/cm 0.02773 N/m
Thermal Conductivity 0.134 W/m°C 0.0774 Btu/hr ft °F
Triple point pressure 3.94E-08 MPa=MN/m2 3.94E-07 bar 3.89E-07 atm 5.71E-06 psi=lbf/in2
Triple point temperature 178.0 K -95.2 °C -139.36 °F
Vapor (saturation) pressure 0.0038 MPa=MN/m2 28.4 mm Hg 0.037 atm 0.55 psi=lbf/in2
Viscosity, dynamic (absolute) 0.560 cP 376.3 [lbm /ft s*10-6] 11.70 [lbf s/ft2 *10-6]
Viscosity, kinematic 0.650 cSt 7.0 [ft2/s*10-6]

Back to top

See the following document for changes in toluene properties with changes in pressure and temperature:

See also more about atmospheric pressure, and STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure,
as well as Thermophysical properties of: Acetone, Acetylene, Air, Ammonia, Argon, Benzene, Butane, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Ethane, Ethanol, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Methanol, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Pentane, Propane, Water and Heavy water, D2O.

Toluene is a liquid at standard conditions. However, if heated it becomes a gas, and when cooled it becomes a solid. The phase diagram for toluene shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the toluene boiling point with changes in pressure. It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature.





At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Back to top

Sponsored Links

Related Topics

• Boiling Points

Boiling points of elements, products and chemical species at varying conditions.

• Densities

Densities of solids, liquids and gases. Definitions and convertion calculators.

• Fluid Mechanics

The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time.

• Material Properties

Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.

• Melting and Freezing Points

Melting and freezing points of elements and chemical species at varying conditions.

• Thermodynamics

Work, heat and energy systems.

• Viscosities

Viscosities of products and chemical species at varying conditions.

Related Documents

Ethylene - Density and Specific Weight vs. Temperature and Pressure

Online calculator, figures and tables showing density and specific weight of ethylene, C2H4, at varying temperature and pressure - Imperial and SI Units.

Toluene - Density and Specific Weight vs. Teemperature and Pressure

Density and specific weight of liquid toluene.

Sponsored Links

Search Engineering ToolBox

  • the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!

SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling!

Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro . Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the Sketchup Extension Warehouse!

Privacy

We don't collect information from our users. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience.

Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. We don't save this data.

Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected.

AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information.