Acetone - Thermophysical Properties
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of acetone, also called 2-propanone, dimethyl ketone and pyroacetic acid. Phase diagram included.
Acetone (2-propanone), CH3-CO-CH3, is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity and sweetish odor. It is flammable and vapors are heavier than air. Acetone is toxic in high doses.
Acetone occurs naturally in plants, trees, forest fires, vehicle exhaust and as a breakdown product of animal fat metabolism. The substance may be normally present in very small quantities in urine and blood; larger amounts may be found in the urine and blood of diabetics. Acetone is used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.
The phase diagram of acetone is shown below the table.
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of acetone:
Values are given for liquid at 25oC /77oF / 298 K and 1 bara, if not other phase, temperature or pressure given.
For full table with Imperial units - rotate the screen!
| Property | Value | Unit | Value | Unit | Value | Unit | Value | Unit | |||
| Acidity (pKa1) | 20 | ||||||||||
| Autoignition temperature | 738 | K | 465 | °C | 869 | °F | |||||
| Boiling Point | 329.2 | K | 56.08 | °C | 132.9 | °F | |||||
| Critical density | 4.70 | mol/dm3 | 273 | kg/m3 | 0.530 | slug/ft3 | 17.0 | lb/ft3 | |||
| Critical pressure | 4.69 | MPa=MN/m2 | 46.9 | bar | 46.3 | atm | 681 | psi=lbf/in2 | |||
| Critical temperature | 508.1 | K | 235.0 | °C | 454.9 | °F | |||||
| Critical volume | 213 | cm3/mol | 0.00366 | m3/kg | 1.89 | ft3/slug | 0.0587 | ft3/lb | |||
| Density | 13507 | mol/m3 | 784.5 | kg/m3 | 1.522 | slug/ft3 | 48.97 | lb/ft3 | |||
| Flammable, gas and liquid | yes | ||||||||||
| Flash point | 256 | K | -17 | °C | 1 | °F | |||||
| Gas constant, individual - R | 143.2 | J/kg K | 0.03977 | Wh/(kg K) | 856.1 | [ft lbf/slug °R] | 26.61 | [ft lbf/lb °R] | |||
| Gibbs free energy of formation (gas) | -153 | kJ/mol | -2634 | kJ/kg | -1133 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (gas) | -1821 | kJ/mol | -31354 | kJ/kg | -13.5 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (liquid) | -1789 | kJ/mol | -30803 | kJ/kg | -13.2 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas) | -218.0 | kJ/mol | -3753 | kJ/kg | -1614 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of formation (liquid) | -249 | kJ/mol | -4287 | kJ/kg | -1843 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of fusion at -142 °F/-97°C | 5.7 | kJ/mol | 98 | kJ/kg | 42.19 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation | 31.0 | kJ/mol | 534 | kJ/kg | 229 | Btu/lb | |||||
| Specific Heat capacity, Cp (gas) | 75.0 | J/mol K | 1.29 | kJ/kg K | 0.308 | Btu/lb°F or cal/g K | |||||
| Specific Heat capacity, Cp (liquid) | 124.5 | J/mol K | 2.14 | kJ/kg K | 0.512 | Btu/lb°F or cal/g K | |||||
| Specific Heat capacity, Cv (liquid) | 90.0 | J/mol K | 1.55 | kJ/kg K | 0.370 | Btu/lb°F or cal/g K | |||||
| Ionization potential | 9.69 | eV | |||||||||
| log KOW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient) | -0.24 | ||||||||||
| Melting point | 178.25 | K | -94.9 | °C | -138.8 | °F | |||||
| Molecular Weight | 58.079 | g/mol | 0.12804 | lb/mol | |||||||
| Solubility in water, at 25°C | 1000 | mg/ml | Miscible with water | ||||||||
| Sound velocity | 1164 | m/s | 3818 | ft/s | 2607 | mi/h | |||||
| Specific Gravity (gas) (relativ to air) | 2.0 | ||||||||||
| Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water) | 0.79 | ||||||||||
| Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) - CP/CV | 1.38 | ||||||||||
| Specific Volume | 0.0000740 | m3/mol | 0.00127 | m3/kg | 0.657 | ft3/slug | 0.0204 | ft3/lb | |||
| Standard molar entropy, S° (gas) | 295 | J/mol K | 5.08 | kJ/kg K | 1.21 | Btu/lb °F | |||||
| Surface tension | 23.1 | dynes/cm | 0.02308 | N/m | |||||||
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.18 | W/m °C | 0.104002 | Btu/hr ft °F | |||||||
| Triple point pressure | 2.33*10-6 | MPa=MN/m2 | 2.33*10-5 | bar | 2.30*10-5 | atm | 3.38*10-4 | psi=lbf/in2 | |||
| Triple point temperature | 178.5 | K | -94.7 | °C | -138.37 | °F | |||||
| Vapor (saturation) pressure | 0.0308 | MPa=MN/m2 | 231.0 | mm Hg | 0.3039 | atm | 4.47 | psi=lbf/in2 | |||
| Viscosity, dynamic (absolute) | 0.309 | cP | 207.6 | [lbm /ft s*10-6] | 6.45 | [lbf s/ft2 *10-6] | |||||
| Viscosity, kinematic | 0.394 | cSt | 4.2 | [ft2/s*10-6] | |||||||
Density and specific weight of acetone at varying pressure and temperature.
See also more about atmospheric pressure, and STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure,
as well as Thermophysical properties of: Acetylene, Air, Ammonia, Argon, Benzene, Butane, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Ethane, Ethanol, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Methanol, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Pentane, Propane, Toluene, Water and Heavy water, D2O.
Acetone is a liquid at standard conditions. However, at low temperature and/or very high pressures it becomes a solid.
The phase diagram for acetone shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the acetone boiling point with changes in pressure. It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature.
At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added.
The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.