t = heat up time (s)
Note that heat loss to the surroundings will extend the heat up time.
An aluminum saucepan with weight 2 kg is filled with 10 liter cold water with temperature 0 oC and heated to temperature 100oC (boiling) in one hour. The heat transfer rate (or required power) can be calculated as
q = [( (10 liter) (1 kg/liter) (4.2 kJ/kgoC) + (2 kg) (0.91 kJ/kgoC) ) ( (100 oC) - (0 oC) )] / [(1 h) 3600 (s/h)]
= 1.2 kW
The energy consumed can be calculated as
E = q t (2)
where
E = energy (kJ, kWs)
t = time (h)
- or, with values
E = (1.2 kW) (1 h)
= 1.2 kWh
Work, heat and energy systems.
The efficiency of the Carnot cycle.
Latent and sensible cooling loads to consider when designing HVAC systems.
Electric heating of an object or mass - temperature change vs. energy supplied.
Fluid energy transfer.
Heat vs. work vs. energy.
Calculate flow rates in heating systems.
Calculating steam and condensate loads in steam heated systems.
Free online design tool for designing hot water heating systems - metric units.
Online design tool for hot water heating systems.
Specific heats for some common liquids and fluids - acetone, oil, paraffin, water and many more.
Specific heat of products like wet mud, granite, sandy clay, quartz sand and more.
Calculating the amount of steam in non-flow batch and continuous flow heating processes.
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