See also pKa values for phenols, alcohols and carboxylic acids .
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Carbon number | Boiling point of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids, C1-C16, °C | |||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | |
2,2-dimetylalkane | 10 | 50 | 79 | 106 | 133 | 155 | ||||||||||
2-methylalkane | -12 | 28 | 60 | 90 | 117 | 143 | 167 | 189 | 211 | |||||||
2-methylalkene | -7 | 31 | 62 | 92 | 118 | 145 | 167 | |||||||||
3-methylalkane | 63 | 92 | 120 | 144 | 168 | 192 | 212 | |||||||||
1-alkene | -104 | -48 | -6 | 30 | 64 | 94 | 121 | 147 | 172 | 193 | 213 | 233 | 251 | |||
N-alkane | -162 | -89 | -42 | -1 | 36 | 69 | 98 | 126 | 151 | 174 | 196 | 216 | 235 | 254 | 270 | 287 |
1-alkyne | -84 | -23 | 8 | 40 | 71 | 100 | 126 | 151 | 174 | 196 | 215 | 234 | 284 | |||
Alkylcyclohexane* | 101 | 132 | 156 | 178 | 204 | 225 | 244 | 263 | ||||||||
Alkylcyclopentane | 72 | 104 | 131 | 156 | 180 | 206 | 224 | 242 | 262 | 279 | ||||||
Alkylbenzene* | 80 | 111 | 136 | 159 | 183 | 205 | 226 | 242 | 263 | |||||||
Cycloalkene** | -36 | 2 | 44 | 83 | 115 | |||||||||||
Cycloalkane** | -33 | 13 | 49 | 81 | 119 | 151 | 173 | 202 | ||||||||
2-alkanol | 82 | 99 | 119 | 138 | 159 | 179 | 194 | 212 | 231 | 249 | ||||||
4-alkanol | 161 | 176 | 193 | 214 | ||||||||||||
3-alkanol | 123 | 135 | 163 | 184 | 197 | 217 | 230 | 246 | ||||||||
1-alkylnaphthalene | 218 | 240 | 258 | 273 | ||||||||||||
1-alkanol | 65 | 78 | 97 | 118 | 138 | 157 | 178 | 195 | 214 | 229 | 246 | 264 | 287 | 296 | ||
Alkanoic acid | 101 | 118 | 142 | 164 | 186 | 202 | 222 | 240 | 256 | 270 | 280 | 296 | 308 | 351 | ||
Carbon number | Boiling point of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids, C1-C16, °F | |||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | |
2,2-dimetylalkane | 49 | 121 | 174 | 223 | 271 | 311 | ||||||||||
2-methylalkane | 11 | 82 | 141 | 194 | 243 | 289 | 333 | 373 | 412 | |||||||
2-methylalkene | 20 | 88 | 144 | 198 | 244 | 293 | 333 | |||||||||
3-methylalkane | 146 | 198 | 248 | 291 | 334 | 378 | 414 | |||||||||
1-alkene | -155 | -54 | 21 | 86 | 146 | 200 | 250 | 297 | 342 | 379 | 415 | 451 | 484 | |||
N-alkane | -259 | -127 | -44 | 31 | 97 | 156 | 209 | 258 | 303 | 345 | 385 | 421 | 456 | 488 | 518 | 549 |
1-alkyne | -119 | -10 | 47 | 104 | 160 | 212 | 259 | 303 | 345 | 385 | 419 | 453 | 543 | |||
Alkylcyclohexane* | 214 | 270 | 313 | 352 | 399 | 437 | 471 | 505 | ||||||||
Alkylcyclopentane | 161 | 219 | 268 | 313 | 356 | 403 | 435 | 468 | 504 | 534 | ||||||
Alkylbenzene* | 176 | 231 | 277 | 319 | 361 | 401 | 439 | 468 | 505 | |||||||
Cycloalkene** | -33 | 36 | 112 | 181 | 239 | |||||||||||
Cycloalkane** | -27 | 55 | 121 | 177 | 246 | 304 | 343 | 396 | ||||||||
2-alkanol | 180 | 211 | 246 | 280 | 318 | 354 | 380 | 414 | 448 | 480 | ||||||
4-alkanol | 322 | 349 | 379 | 417 | ||||||||||||
3-alkanol | 253 | 275 | 325 | 363 | 387 | 423 | 445 | 474 | ||||||||
1-alkylnaphthalene | 424 | 464 | 496 | 523 | ||||||||||||
1-alkanol | 148 | 173 | 207 | 244 | 280 | 314 | 352 | 382 | 417 | 444 | 475 | 507 | 549 | 564 | ||
Alkanoic acid | 214 | 244 | 287 | 327 | 367 | 396 | 432 | 464 | 493 | 518 | 536 | 565 | 586 | 664 | ||
* C#(N-alkyl)=0-10 | ||||||||||||||||
** rings without substituents |
Definitions of organic compounds
Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Main groups of hydrocarbons:
Alkane: An acyclic saturated hydrocarbon, with the general formula C n H 2n+2 . Also called paraffin .
Alkene: An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond, with the general formula C n H 2n . Also called olefine .
Alkyne : An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond, with the general formula C n H 2n-2 . Also called acetylene .
Cycloalkane: A one-ring (monocyclic) saturated hydrocarbon, with the general formula C n H 2n . Also called naphthene .
Cycloalkene: An alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms, but has no aromatic character, with the general formula C n H 2n-2 . Also called cycloolefin .
Aromatic hydrocarbon : A cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. The simplest of the aromatics have 6 carbon atoms and contains 3 double bounds. A one ring aromatic without any substituents is called benzene, with the formula C 6 H 6 .
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons : hydrocarbon that are composed of multiple aromatic rings. A two ring aromatic without any substituents is called naphthalene, with the formula C 10 H 8 .
Some under-groups of hydrocarbons given in this document:
Alkyl: An alkane substituent missing one hydrogen, with general formula C n H 2n+1
2-Methylalkane: A branched alkane, with a methyl group connected to the second carbon atom in the main carbon chain.
3-Methylalkane: A branched alkane, with a methyl group connected to the third carbon atom in the main carbon chain.
2-Methylalkene: A branched alkene, with a methyl group connected to the second carbon atom in the main carbon chain.
Alkylcycklohexane: A monosubstituted cyclohexane with one branching via the attachment of one alkyl group on one carbon of the cyclohexane ring, with the general formula C n H (2n+1) C 6 H 11 .
Alkylcycklopentane : A monosubstituted cyclopentane with one branching via the attachment of one alkyl group on one carbon of the cyclohexane ring, with the general formula C n H 2n+1 C 5 H 9 .
Alkylbenzene: A monosubstituted benzene with one branching via the attachment of one alkyl group on one carbon of the benzene ring, with the general formula C n H (2n+1) C 6 H 5 .
Alkylnaphthalene: A monosubstituted naphthalene with one branching via the attachment of one alkyl group on one carbon of one of the aromatic rings, with the general formula C n H (2n+1) C 10 H 7 .
Some other groups of organic compounds:
Alcohol: an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom
Alkanol: An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is connected to an alkane
Carboxylic acid: an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH). The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R–COOH, with R referring to the rest of the molecule.
Alkanoic acid: A carboxylic acid where the R is an alkane.
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