Ethanol Freeze Protected Water Solutions
Ethanol based Water Solutions Freezing Point
Ethanol Concentration (% by volume) | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freezing Point | (oF) | 32 | 25 | 15 | 5 | -10 | -25 | -35 | -55 | -75 | -110 | -175 |
(oC) | 0 | -4 | -9 | -15 | -23 | -32 | -37 | -48 | -59 | -73 | -115 |
Flash Points of Ethanol based Water Solutions
The flash point of a chemical is the lowest temperature where it will evaporate enough fluid to form a combustible concentration of gas. The flash point is an indication of how easy a chemical may burn.
Ethanol Concentration (% by weight) | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 96 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flash Point | (oF) | 144 | 120 | 97 | 84 | 79 | 75 | 72 | 70 | 68 | 63 | 55 |
(oC) | 62 | 49 | 36 | 29 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 17 | 13 |
Warning
- HIGH flammability if pure
Download and print Ethanol Water Solution - Freezing Temperature and Flash Point chart.
Alternatives to Ethanol based Water Solutions
- Ethylene glycol based water solutions
- Propylene glycol based water solutions
- Methanol based water solutions
Example - Ethanol Concentration at Freezing Point at -20oC
By using linear interpolation between two known concentrations and their freezing points - the concentration at a third freezing point can be calculated as
CC = [(CB - CA) / (tB - tA)] (tC - tA) + CA (1)
where
C = concentration in ethanol - water solution
t = freezing point (oC, oF)
A, B = known freezing points
C = calculated freezing point
The ethanol concentration with freezing point at -20oC can be calculated by interpolating the concentration between freezing point -15oC and -23oC in the table above.
Cc = [((40 %) - (30 %)) / ((-23 oC) - (-15 oC))] ((-20 oC) - (-15 oC)) + (30 %) = 36.25 %
Note that this calculation is simplified by assuming that the concentration vs. freezing point follows a straight line. This not necessary correct.
If a 90% ethanol-water solution shall be mixed with clean water to achieve a freezing point of -20oC (ethanol concentration 36.25% (0.3625)) - the amount of added water can be calculated with volume balance - the amount of ethanol before mix is the same as after the mix:
C Vs = Cm (Vs + Vw) (2)
where
Vs = volume of the ethanol - water solution (liter, gallon)
Cm = concentration in mix
Vm = volume of mix (liter, gallon)
Vw = volume of the added clean water (liter, gallon)
Rearranging the equation to express the volume of water added to the mixture
Vw = (C - Cm) Vs / Cm (2b)
Substituting with values
Vw = (0.9 - 0.3625) Vs / 0.3625
= 1.48 Vs
- for every liter 90% ethanol-water solution 1.48 liter of clean water must be mixed in to achieve an ethanol concentration of 36.25 % and freezing point -20oC.
Related Topics
• Material Properties
Properties of gases, fluids and solids. Densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.
• Melting and Freezing Points
Melting and freezing points of elements and chemical species at varying conditions.
Related Documents
Calcium Chloride Water Solutions
Freezing point, density, specific heat and dynamic viscosity of Calcium Chloride Water coolants.
Ethanol - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity vs. Temperature and Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing dynamic and kinematic viscosity of ethanol, C2H5OH, at varying temperature and pressure - Imperial and SI Units.
Ethanol - Density and Specific Weight vs. Temperature and Pressure
Online calculator, figures and tables showing density and specific weight of ethanol at temperatures ranging from -25 to 325 °C (-10 to 620 °F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units.
Ethanol - Specific Heat vs. Temperature and Pressure
Online calculators, figures and tables showing specific heat , Cp and Cv, of gasous and liquid ethanol at temperatures ranging from -25 to 325 °C (-10 to 620 °F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units.
Ethanol Water Mixtures - Densities vs. Temperature
Density of Ethyl Alcohol aqueous solutions.
Ethylene Glycol Heat-Transfer Fluid Properties
Properties like freezing point, viscosity, specific gravity and specific heat of ethylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids, or brines.
Freeze Protection of Water based Heat Transfer Fluids
Comparing antifreezes used in water based heat transfer fluids or brines.
Freezing Mixtures and Cooling Agents
Freezing mixtures, cooling agents and freezing points.
Hazard vs. Flash Points
The flash point of a chemical indicates how easy it may ignite and burn.
Hydrocarbons, Alcohols and Acids - Boiling points
Boiling temperatures (°C and °F) with varying carbon numbers up to C33.
Isopropanol (2-Propanol) based Freeze Protected Water Solutions
Freezing and flash points of isopropanol (2-Propanol) based water solutions or brines.
Liquids - Freezing and Melting Points
Common fluids and their freezing and melting points.
Melting points of Hydrocarbons, Alcohols and Acids
Melting temperature (°C and °F) with carbon number up to C33.
Methanol Freeze Protected Heat Transfer Liquids
Freezing and flash points for methanol or methyl based heat-transfer fluids or brines.
Propylene Glycol based Heat-Transfer Fluids
Freezing points of propylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids suitable for the food processing industry.
Sodium Chloride Water Solutions
Freezing point, density, specific heat and dynamic viscosity of Sodium Chloride and Water coolant.