HVAC Systems - Heating

Heating systems - capacity and design of boilers, pipelines, heat exchangers, expansion systems and more

Air Heating Systems

Using air to heat buildings - temperature rise diagram

Building Elements - Heat Loss and Thermal Resistivity

Thermal resistance in common building elements as walls, floors and roofs above and below the ground

Calculating Expansion Tanks

Calculating expansion volume in open, closed and diaphragm expansion tanks

Chimneys and Fireplace Sizing

Chimneys and fireplace sizing for fireplaces and stoves burning wood or coal as fuel

Circulating Force in Gravity Heating Systems

Differential pressure due to difference in density between hot and cold water is the circulating force in a self circulating heating system

Classification of Coal

Classification of coal based on volatile matter and cooking power of clean material

Classification of Gas Oil

Classification of gas oil based on BS 2869 - Specification for fuel oils for agricultural, domestic and industrial engines and boilers

Classifications of Boilers

Classification of boilers according ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Classifications of Hot-Water Heating Systems

Hot-water heating systems can be classified by temperature and pressure

Closed Expansion Tank Sizing

Low temperature closed expansion tank sizing

Convective Air Flow from a Heat Source

Calculate the vertical air flow and air velocity generated by a heat source

Convective Heat - Air Velocity and Volume of Air Flow

A hot or cold vertical surface will generate a vertical airflow - calculate air velocity and volume of the air flow

Diaphragm Expansion Tank Sizing

Low temperature diaphragm expansion tank sizing - tank volume and acceptance volume

Equivalent Pipe Length Method - Calculating Pressure Loss in Piping Systems

Calculating pressure loss in piping systems with the Equivalent Pipe Length Method

Fittings and Minor Pressure Loss

Minor pressure loss for fittings in piping heating systems

Flow Rates in Heating Systems

Calculating flow rates in heating systems

Flow Temperatures in Hot-Water Heating Systems

Seasonal effects on flow temperatures in hot-water heating systems

Food and Foodstuff - Specific Heat Capacities

Specific heat capacity of some common food and foodstuff as apples, bass, beef, pork and much more

Heat Carrying Capacity of Copper Tube

Hot water heat carrying capacity of copper tube type L

Heat Emission from Pipes Submerged in Oil or Fat

Heat emission from steam or water heating pipes submerged in oil or fat - assisted (forced) and natural circulation

Heat Emission from Pipes Submerged in Water

Heat transmission from steam or water heating pipes submerged in water - assisted (forced) and natural circulation

Heat Emission from Radiators

Calculating heat emission from new and existing column and panel radiators

Heat Emission from Radiators and Heating Panels

Heat emission from radiators and heating panels depends on inlet, outlet and surrounding temperatures

Heat Loss from Buildings

Overall heat transfer loss from buildings - transmission, ventilation and infiltration

Heat Loss from Oil Filled Tanks

Heat loss from insulated and uninsulated, sheltered and exposed heated oil tanks

Heat Loss from Oil filled Tanks and Pipe Lines

Heat loss from insulated and non insulated sheltered and exposed tanks and pipes

Heat Loss from Open Water Tanks

Due to evaporation - heat loss from open water tank as a swimming pools, may be considerable

Heat Loss through Building Elements due to Transmission

Heat loss through common building elements due to transmission, R-values and U-values - imperial and SI units

Heat Pumps Performance and Efficiency Ratings

Rating performance and efficiency of heat pumps

Heat Sources and Convective Air Flows

Convective air flows from some common heat sources - people, computers, radiators and more

Heat, Work and Energy

Tutorial to heat, work and energy - essentials as specific heat and specific heat capacity

Heating Systems - Steel Pipe Pressure Loss Diagram

Steel pipes and tubes - pressure loss diagram hot water heating systems

Hot Water Heating Systems - a Design Procedure

A hot water heating system design procedure - heat loss, boiler rating, heater units and more

Hot Water Heating Systems Design

An introduction to Gravity Heating Systems and Forced Heating Systems

Hot-Water Generators - Water Circulation Rates

Hot water circulation through boilers - Imperial and SI-units

Indoor Design Conditions - Industrial Products and Production Processes

Recommended indoor temperature and humidity for some common industrial products and production processes

Indoor Design Temperatures

Recommended indoor temperatures summer and winter

Lights - Installed Power

Installed light power in some common types of buildings and rooms

Outdoor Temperature - and Hot Water Heating Temperature

Adapting the hot water heating temperature to outdoor temperature allows modulating valves to operate in their design range

Outdoor Temperature and Relative Humidity - US Winter and Summer Conditions

Outdoor design temperature and relative humidity in US states and cities - summer and winter

Outdoor to Indoor Temperature Rise and Relative Humidity

The relationship between outdoor and indoor temperature rise - and the effect on the relative humidity

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients for some common Fluids and Heat Exchanger Surfaces

Average overall heat transmission coefficients for some common fluids and surface combinations as Water to Air, Water to Water, Air to Air, Steam to Water and more

Resistance and Equivalent Length of Fittings

Equivalent length of fittings like bends, returns, tees and valves in hot water heating systems - equivalent length in feet and meter

Safety Valve Standards

An survey of international safety valve standards. The most common used standards in Germany, UK, USA, France, Japan, Australia and Europe

Safety Valves and Relief Capacity

Maximum safety valves free air relief capacity

Safety Valves in Heating Systems

Boilers 275 to 1500 kW and Safety Valves

Sizing Swimming Pool Heaters

Calculating outdoor swimming pool heaters

Snow Melting Systems

Sizing water antifreeze snow melting systems

Static Pressures in HVAC Systems

Static pressures in HVAC system avoids the tops of the systems drying out

Thermal Expansion - Volumetric or Cubic

Cubical expansion when changing temperature - online calculator

Units of Heat - BTU, Calorie and Joule

The most common units of heat are BTU - British Thermal Unit, Calorie and Joule

Wood and Combustion Heat Values

Firewood and combustion heat values - Pine, Elm, Hickory and many more species

Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!