Pipes - Heat Expansion and Cooling Contraction
Expansion or contraction when heating or cooling cast iron, carbon and carbon molybdenum steel, wrought iron, copper, brass and aluminum pipes
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| Temperature Expansion of Pipes (in/100 ft) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturated Steam Pressure1) (psi) | Temperature (oF) | Cast Iron | Carbon and carbon Molybdenum | Wrought Iron | 4-6% Cr. Alloy Steel | 12% Cr. Stainless Steel | 18 Cr. -8Ni Stainless Steel | Copper | Brass | Aluminum 2-S |
| -200 | -1.058 | -1.282 | -1.289 | -1.250 | -1.170 | -2.030 | -1.955 | -2.065 | -2.69 | |
| -180 | -0.982 | -1.176 | -1.183 | -1.150 | -1.070 | -1.850 | -1.782 | -1.890 | -2.44 | |
| -160 | -0.891 | -1.066 | -1.073 | -1.030 | -0.970 | -1.670 | -1.612 | -1.705 | -2.18 | |
| -140 | -0.797 | -0.948 | -0.955 | -0.970 | -0.870 | -1.480 | -1.428 | -1.508 | -1.93 | |
| -120 | -0.697 | -0.826 | -0.833 | -0.800 | -0.750 | -1.300 | -1.235 | -1.308 | -1.67 | |
| -100 | -0.593 | -0.698 | -0.705 | -0.700 | -0.630 | -1.100 | -1.040 | -1.098 | -1.40 | |
| -80 | -0.481 | -0.563 | -0.570 | -0.550 | -0.520 | -0.880 | -0.835 | -0.888 | -1.12 | |
| -60 | -0.368 | -0.428 | -0.435 | -0.430 | -0.400 | -0.670 | -0.630 | -0.673 | -0.85 | |
| -40 | -0.248 | -0.288 | -0.295 | -0.290 | -0.270 | -0.450 | -0.421 | -0.452 | -0.58 | |
| -20 | -0.127 | -0.145 | -0.152 | -0.145 | -0.130 | -0.225 | -0.210 | -0.227 | -0.28 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 20 | 0.128 | 0.148 | 0.180 | 0.140 | 0.140 | 0.223 | 0.238 | 0.233 | 0.32 | |
| 32 | 0.209 | 0.230 | 0.280 | 0.234 | 0.234 | 0.356 | 0.366 | 0.373 | 0.50 | |
| 29.39 | 40 | 0.270 | 0.300 | 0.350 | 0.280 | 0.280 | 0.446 | 0.451 | 0.466 | 0.63 |
| 60 | 0.410 | 0.448 | 0.540 | 0.430 | 0.430 | 0.669 | 0.684 | 0.690 | 0.93 | |
| 28.89 | 80 | 0.550 | 0.580 | 0.710 | 0.600 | 0.580 | 0.892 | 0.896 | 0.920 | 1.24 |
| 27.99 | 100 | 0.680 | 0.753 | 0.887 | 0.650 | 0.690 | 1.115 | 1.134 | 1.150 | 1.53 |
| 26.48 | 120 | 0.830 | 0.910 | 1.058 | 0.800 | 0.820 | 1.338 | 1.366 | 1.390 | 1.84 |
| 24.04 | 140 | 0.970 | 1.064 | 1.240 | 0.950 | 0.960 | 1.545 | 1.590 | 1.625 | 2.15 |
| 20.27 | 160 | 1.110 | 1.200 | 1.420 | 1.100 | 1.090 | 1.784 | 1.804 | 1.865 | 2.46 |
| 14.63 | 180 | 1.240 | 1.360 | 1.580 | 1.250 | 1.230 | 2.000 | 2.051 | 2.100 | 2.77 |
| 6.45 | 200 | 1.390 | 1.520 | 1.750 | 1.400 | 1.380 | 2.230 | 2.296 | 2.340 | 3.08 |
| 0 | 212 | 1.480 | 1.610 | 1.870 | 1.500 | 1.460 | 2.361 | 2.428 | 2.467 | 3.28 |
| 2.5 | 220 | 1.530 | 1.680 | 1.940 | 1.550 | 1.510 | 2.460 | 2.516 | 2.580 | 3.41 |
| 10.3 | 240 | 1.670 | 1.840 | 2.120 | 1.720 | 1.650 | 2.680 | 2.756 | 2.830 | 3.73 |
| 20.7 | 260 | 1.820 | 2.020 | 2.300 | 1.880 | 1.790 | 2.920 | 2.985 | 3.070 | 4.07 |
| 34.5 | 280 | 1.970 | 2.180 | 2.470 | 2.050 | 1.930 | 3.150 | 3.218 | 3.315 | 4.40 |
| 52.3 | 300 | 2.130 | 2.350 | 2.670 | 2.200 | 2.080 | 3.390 | 3.461 | 3.565 | 4.74 |
| 74.9 | 320 | 2.268 | 2.530 | 2.850 | 2.370 | 2.220 | 3.615 | 3.696 | 3.820 | 5.10 |
| 103.3 | 340 | 2.430 | 2.700 | 3.040 | 2.530 | 2.360 | 3.840 | 3.941 | 4.065 | 5.43 |
| 138.3 | 360 | 2.590 | 2.880 | 3.230 | 2.700 | 2.510 | 4.100 | 4.176 | 4.350 | 5.78 |
| 180.9 | 380 | 2.750 | 3.060 | 3.425 | 2.860 | 2.670 | 4.346 | 4.424 | 4.610 | 6.13 |
| 232.4 | 400 | 2.910 | 3.230 | 3.620 | 3.010 | 2.820 | 4.580 | 4.666 | 4.870 | 6.47 |
| 293.7 | 420 | 3.090 | 3.421 | 3.820 | 3.180 | 2.980 | 4.800 | 4.914 | 5.150 | 6.84 |
| 366.1 | 440 | 3.250 | 3.595 | 4.020 | 3.350 | 3.130 | 5.050 | 5.154 | 5.400 | 7.19 |
| 451.3 | 460 | 3.410 | 3.784 | 4.200 | 3.530 | 3.290 | 5.300 | 5.408 | 5.680 | 7.55 |
| 550.3 | 480 | 3.570 | 3.955 | 4.400 | 3.700 | 3.450 | 5.540 | 5.651 | 5.950 | 7.90 |
| 664.3 | 500 | 3.730 | 4.151 | 4.600 | 3.860 | 3.600 | 5.800 | 5.906 | 6.220 | 8.25 |
| 795.3 | 520 | 3.900 | 4.342 | 4.810 | 4.040 | 3.760 | 6.050 | 6.148 | 6.500 | 8.61 |
| 945.3 | 540 | 4.080 | 4.525 | 5.020 | 4.200 | 3.930 | 6.280 | 6.410 | 6.780 | 8.98 |
1) Vacuum in degree below 212oF, psi gauge above 212oF
- T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]
- 1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm
- 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
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