Stainless Steels - Identification Tests
Stainless steels can be hard to identify. The different types can be distinguished by methods as
- magnet testing
- spark testing
- hardness testing
- acid testing
For full table with Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Test - rotate the screen!
| AISI Type | Grade | Group | Magnet Test | Spark Test | Hardness Test | Sulfuric Acid Test | Hydrochloric Acid Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 302 | Chromium- Nickel | Austenitic | Non- Magnetic | Few forks - short, reddish | >165 Brinell after heated to 1800oF and water quench | Strong attack - green crystals and dark surface | Rapid reaction - pale blue-green solution |
| 303 | Spoiled egg odor - heavy black smudge | ||||||
| 303Se | Garlic odor | ||||||
| 304 | Strong attack - green crystals and dark surface | Fast attack - gas formation | |||||
| 308 | Full red without many forks | ||||||
| 309 | |||||||
| 310 | |||||||
| 316 | Few forks - short, reddish | Slow attack - tan surface turns brown | Very slow attack | ||||
| 317 | |||||||
| 321 | Fast attack - gas formation | ||||||
| 347 | |||||||
| 410 | Chromium | Martensitic | Magnetic | Long white with few forks | > 280 Brinell after heated to 1800oF and water quench | Rapid reaction - dark green solution | |
| 414 | |||||||
| 416 | Spoiled egg odor - heavy black smudge | ||||||
| 416Se | Garlic odor | ||||||
| 420 | Long white-red with burst | ||||||
| 431 | Long white with few forks | ||||||
| 440 A, B, C | Long white-red with burst | ||||||
| 430 | Ferritic | Long white with few forks | 180 - 250 Brinell after heated to 1800oF and water quench | ||||
| 430F | Spoiled egg odor - heavy black smudge | ||||||
| 430FSe | Garlic odor | ||||||
| 446 | Full red without many forks |
Related Topics
• Corrosion
Corrosion in piping systems caused by thermodynamic and electrochemical processes - corrosion problems and methods of protection and prevention.
• Dimensions
Sizes and dimensions of pipes and tubes, and their fittings - inside and outside diameter, weight and more.
• Material Properties
Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.
Related Documents
AISI 310 Stainless Steel - Properties
Thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity of stainless steel AISI 310 vs. temperature.
ASME/ANSI B36.10/19 - Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes - Dimensions
Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, schedules, moment of inertia, transverse area, weight of pipe filled with water - U.S. Customary Units.
ASTM A312 Stainless Steel Pipes - Bursting and Collapsing Pressures
Theoretic bursting and collapsing pressures for stainless steel pipes ASTM A312.
Brinell Hardness Number - BHN
The Brinell hardness test of metals and alloys.
Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 150
ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 150 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts.
Composition of Steels
Typical composition of AISI steels.
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Thermal expansion of typical piping materials.
Malleability vs. Brittlenes vs. Ductility
Plastic deformation properties.
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The machinability of some common metals.
NDT - Non Destructive Testing
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Piping Materials - Galvanic Corrosion
Connecting pipes of different materials may cause galvanic corrosion and serious damage.
Stainless Steel - Comparing International Standards
Comparing international stainless steel standards from America (US), France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, Sweden, England (UK) and the European Union.
Stainless Steel Classifications
Stainless steels are commonly grouped into martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
Stainless Steel Pipes - Allowable Pressure vs. Schedule and Size
Allowable pressure for standard seamless A312-TP316/316L stainless steel pipes - temperatures 100oF to 750oF.
Stainless Steel Pipes - American vs. European Standards
American - US - vs. European - German, British (UK) and Swedish - stainless steel pipe standards.
Stainless Steel Pipes - Dimensions and Weights
Dimensions, wall thickness and weights of stainless steel pipes according to ASME B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipes.
Stainless Steel Weld Fittings - ANSI/ASME B36.19
Dimensions of stainless steel weld fittings according ANSI/ASME B36.19.
Stainless Steels - Corrosion Resistance
Corrosion resistanse of AISI stainless steels in various environments.
Steel Tempering Colors
The tempering process of hardening steel.