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Stainless Steels - Identification Tests

Magnetic, spark, hardness and acid identification tests for austenitic, martensitic and ferritic stainless steels.

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Stainless steels can be hard to identify. The different types can be distinguished by methods as

magnet testing
spark testing
hardness testing
acid testing

For full table with Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Test - rotate the screen!

AISI Type	Grade	Group	Magnet Test	Spark Test	Hardness Test	Sulfuric Acid Test	Hydrochloric Acid Test
302	Chromium- Nickel	Austenitic	Non- Magnetic	Few forks - short, reddish	>165 Brinell after heated to 1800^oF and water quench	Strong attack - green crystals and dark surface	Rapid reaction - pale blue-green solution
303							Spoiled egg odor - heavy black smudge
303Se							Garlic odor
304						Strong attack - green crystals and dark surface	Fast attack - gas formation
308				Full red without many forks
309
310
316				Few forks - short, reddish		Slow attack - tan surface turns brown	Very slow attack
317						Slow attack - tan surface turns brown
321							Fast attack - gas formation
347							Fast attack - gas formation
410	Chromium	Martensitic	Magnetic	Long white with few forks	> 280 Brinell after heated to 1800^oF and water quench		Rapid reaction - dark green solution
414
416							Spoiled egg odor - heavy black smudge
416Se							Garlic odor
420				Long white-red with burst
431				Long white with few forks
440 A, B, C				Long white-red with burst
430		Ferritic		Long white with few forks	180 - 250 Brinell after heated to 1800^oF and water quench
430F							Spoiled egg odor - heavy black smudge
430FSe							Garlic odor
446				Full red without many forks

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Related Topics

Dimensions - Sizes and dimensions of pipes and tubes, and their fittings - inside and outside diameter, weight and more.
Corrosion - Corrosion in piping systems caused by thermodynamic and electrochemical processes - corrosion problems and methods of protection and prevention.
Material Properties - Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.

Related Documents

AISI 310 Stainless Steel - Properties - Thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity of stainless steel AISI 310 vs. temperature.
ASME/ANSI B36.10/19 - Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes - Dimensions - Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, schedules, moment of inertia, transverse area, weight of pipe filled with water - U.S. Customary Units.
ASTM A312 Stainless Steel Pipes - Bursting and Collapsing Pressures - Theoretic bursting and collapsing pressures for stainless steel pipes ASTM A312.
Brinell Hardness Number - BHN - The Brinell hardness test of metals and alloys.
Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 150 - ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 150 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts.
Composition of Steels - Typical composition of AISI steels.
Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion - Thermal expansion of typical piping materials.
Malleability vs. Brittlenes vs. Ductility - Plastic deformation properties.
Metals - Machinability - The machinability of some common metals.
NDT - Non Destructive Testing - Non-destructive construction testing.
Piping Materials - Galvanic Corrosion - Connecting pipes of different materials may cause galvanic corrosion and serious damage.
Stainless Steel - Comparing International Standards - Comparing international stainless steel standards from America (US), France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, Sweden, England (UK) and the European Union.
Stainless Steel Classifications - Stainless steels are commonly grouped into martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
Stainless Steel Pipes - Allowable Pressure vs. Schedule and Size - Allowable pressure for standard seamless A312-TP316/316L stainless steel pipes - temperatures 100^oF to 750^oF.
Stainless Steel Pipes - American vs. European Standards - American - US - vs. European - German, British (UK) and Swedish - stainless steel pipe standards.
Stainless Steel Pipes - Dimensions and Weights - Dimensions, wall thickness and weights of stainless steel pipes according to ASME B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipes.
Stainless Steel Weld Fittings - ANSI/ASME B36.19 - Dimensions of stainless steel weld fittings according ANSI/ASME B36.19.
Stainless Steels - Corrosion Resistance - Corrosion resistanse of AISI stainless steels in various environments.
Steel Tempering Colors - The tempering process of hardening steel.

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