Hydrogen - Thermal Conductivity vs. Temperature and Pressure
Thermal conductivity is a material property that describes ability to conduct heat. Thermal conductivity can be defined as
"the quantity of heat transmitted through a unit thickness of a material - in a direction normal to a surface of unit area - due to a unit temperature gradient under steady state conditions"
The SI unit used for thermal conductivity is [W/m K], while a common Imperial unit is [Btu/h ft °F].
Thermal conductivity unit converter
The thermal conductivity of hydrogen depends on temperature and pressure as shown in the figures and table below.
There exist two isomers of hydrogen in equilibrium with each other; ortho and para hydrogen. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen gas contains about 25% of the para form and 75% of the ortho form, also known as the "normal form". At lower temperature the fraction of para hydrogen increases, and at very low temperature almost exclusively the para form is present. At increasing temperature the ortho fraction increases.
Online Hydrogen Thermal Conductivity Calculator
The calculator below can be used to estimate the thermal conductivity of hydrogen at given temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Estimates are based on numbers for "normal" hydrogen for T < 127°C/260°F, and numbers for para hydrogen for higher temperatures.
The output thermal conductivity is given as mW/(m K), Btu(IT)/(h ft °F), (Btu(IT) in)/(h ft2°F) and kcal(IT)/(h m K).
Choose the actual unit of temperature:
See also other properties of hydrogen at varying temperature and pressure: Density and specific weight and Specific heat (heat capacity) , and Thermophysical properties at standard conditions ,
as well as thermal conductivity o f air , ammonia , butane , carbon dioxide , ethane , ethylene , methane , nitrogen , propane and water . For thermal conductivity of construction materials, see related documents at the bottom of the page.
Thermal conductivity of normal hydrogen as function of temperature and pressure, given as °C and °F:
Thermal conductivity of para hydrogen at gas-liquid equilibrium pressure and varying temperature, given as °C and °F:
Thermal conductivity of para and normal hydrogen at given temperatures and pressure, SI and Imperial units:
For full table Hydrogen Thermal Conductivity - rotate the screen!
State | Temperature | Pressure | Para Hydrogen - Thermal Conductivity | Normal Hydrogen - Thermal Conductivity | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[K] | [°C] | [°F] | [bar] | [psi] | [mW/m K] | [kcal(IT)/(h m K)] | [Btu(IT)/(h ft °F)] | [mW/m K] | [kcal(IT)/(h m K)] | [Btu(IT)/(h ft °F)] | ||
Liquid at equilibrium |
13.80 | -259.35 | -434.83 | 0.0704 | 1.02 | 75.3 | 0.0647 | 0.0435 | ||||
13.96 | -259.19 | -434.55 | 0.0770 | 1.12 | 76.3 | 0.0656 | 0.0441 | |||||
14 | -259 | -434 | 0.0789 | 1.14 | 76.9 | 0.0661 | 0.0444 | 76.7 | 0.0659 | 0.0443 | ||
16 | -257 | -431 | 0.215 | 3.12 | 90.0 | 0.0774 | 0.0520 | 90.1 | 0.0775 | 0.0520 | ||
18 | -255 | -427 | 0.481 | 6.97 | 98.4 | 0.0846 | 0.0568 | 98.4 | 0.0846 | 0.0569 | ||
20 | -253 | -424 | 0.932 | 13.5 | 103 | 0.0886 | 0.0595 | 103 | 0.0886 | 0.0595 | ||
22 | -251 | -420 | 1.63 | 23.7 | 105 | 0.0902 | 0.0606 | 105 | 0.0903 | 0.0607 | ||
24 | -249 | -416 | 2.64 | 38.3 | 105 | 0.0900 | 0.0605 | 105 | 0.0899 | 0.0604 | ||
26 | -247 | -413 | 4.03 | 58.4 | 103 | 0.0882 | 0.0593 | 103 | 0.0882 | 0.0592 | ||
28 | -245 | -409 | 5.85 | 84.9 | 98.8 | 0.0849 | 0.0571 | 98.7 | 0.0848 | 0.0570 | ||
30 | -243 | -406 | 8.50 | 123 | 92.8 | 0.0798 | 0.0536 | 92.5 | 0.0796 | 0.0535 | ||
32 | -241 | -402 | 11.2 | 162 | 82.5 | 0.0710 | 0.0477 | 82.2 | 0.0707 | 0.0475 | ||
Gas at equilibrium |
13.80 | -259.35 | -434.83 | 0.0704 | 1.02 | 10.5 | 0.00899 | 0.00604 | ||||
13.96 | -259.19 | -434.55 | 0.0770 | 1.12 | 10.4 | 0.00892 | 0.00599 | |||||
14 | -259 | -434 | 0.0789 | 1.14 | 10.7 | 0.00916 | 0.00615 | 10.4 | 0.00897 | 0.00603 | ||
16 | -257 | -431 | 0.215 | 3.12 | 12.6 | 0.0108 | 0.00728 | 12.7 | 0.0109 | 0.00733 | ||
18 | -255 | -427 | 0.481 | 6.97 | 14.6 | 0.0126 | 0.00844 | 14.7 | 0.0126 | 0.00848 | ||
20 | -253 | -424 | 0.932 | 13.5 | 16.7 | 0.0144 | 0.0097 | 16.7 | 0.0144 | 0.00966 | ||
22 | -251 | -420 | 1.63 | 23.7 | 19.0 | 0.0163 | 0.0110 | 19.0 | 0.0163 | 0.0110 | ||
24 | -249 | -416 | 2.64 | 38.3 | 21.5 | 0.0185 | 0.0124 | 21.5 | 0.0185 | 0.0124 | ||
26 | -247 | -413 | 4.03 | 58.4 | 24.5 | 0.0211 | 0.0142 | 24.5 | 0.0210 | 0.0141 | ||
28 | -245 | -409 | 5.85 | 84.9 | 28.3 | 0.0243 | 0.0163 | 28.2 | 0.0242 | 0.0163 | ||
30 | -243 | -406 | 8.50 | 123 | 33.5 | 0.0288 | 0.0193 | 33.4 | 0.0287 | 0.0193 | ||
32 | -241 | -402 | 11.2 | 162 | 43.2 | 0.0371 | 0.0249 | 43.2 | 0.0371 | 0.0250 | ||
Liquid | 20 | -253 | -424 | 1 | 14.5 | 103 | 0.0887 | 0.0596 | ||||
20.23 | -252.9 | -423.3 | 1 | 14.5 | 103 | 0.0889 | 0.0597 | |||||
20.23 | -252.9 | -423.3 | 1 | 14.5 | 17.0 | 0.0146 | 0.0098 | |||||
25 | -248 | -415 | 1 | 14.5 | 20.8 | 0.0179 | 0.0120 | |||||
40 | -233 | -388 | 1 | 14.5 | 31.9 | 0.0274 | 0.0184 | |||||
60 | -213 | -352 | 1 | 14.5 | 45.5 | 0.0391 | 0.0263 | |||||
80 | -193 | -316 | 1 | 14.5 | 61.4 | 0.0528 | 0.0355 | |||||
100 | -173 | -280 | 1 | 14.5 | 80.4 | 0.0692 | 0.0465 | 68.3 | 0.0588 | 0.0395 | ||
120 | -153 | -244 | 1 | 14.5 | 101 | 0.0872 | 0.0586 | |||||
140 | -133 | -208 | 1 | 14.5 | 120 | 0.103 | 0.0692 | |||||
160 | -113 | -172 | 1 | 14.5 | 135 | 0.116 | 0.0779 | |||||
175 | -98.2 | -145 | 1 | 14.5 | 117 | 0.101 | 0.0677 | |||||
180 | -93.2 | -136 | 1 | 14.5 | 147 | 0.126 | 0.0846 | |||||
200 | -73.2 | -99.7 | 1 | 14.5 | 156 | 0.134 | 0.0899 | |||||
220 | -53.2 | -63.7 | 1 | 14.5 | 163 | 0.140 | 0.0944 | |||||
240 | -33.2 | -27.7 | 1 | 14.5 | 171 | 0.147 | 0.0986 | |||||
250 | -23.2 | -9.7 | 1 | 14.5 | 161 | 0.138 | 0.0928 | |||||
260 | -13.2 | 8.3 | 1 | 14.5 | 178 | 0.153 | 0.103 | |||||
280 | 6.9 | 44.3 | 1 | 14.5 | 185 | 0.159 | 0.107 | |||||
300 | 26.9 | 80.3 | 1 | 14.5 | 192 | 0.165 | 0.111 | |||||
320 | 46.9 | 116 | 1 | 14.5 | 200 | 0.172 | 0.116 | |||||
325 | 51.9 | 125 | 1 | 14.5 | 198 | 0.170 | 0.114 | |||||
340 | 66.9 | 152 | 1 | 14.5 | 208 | 0.179 | 0.120 | |||||
360 | 86.9 | 188 | 1 | 14.5 | 216 | 0.186 | 0.125 | |||||
400 | 127 | 260 | 1 | 14.5 | 233 | 0.200 | 0.135 | 234 | 0.201 | 0.135 | ||
500 | 227 | 440 | 1 | 14.5 | 275 | 0.236 | 0.159 | |||||
600 | 327 | 620 | 1 | 14.5 | 318 | 0.273 | 0.184 | |||||
700 | 427 | 800 | 1 | 14.5 | 361 | 0.310 | 0.208 | |||||
800 | 527 | 980 | 1 | 14.5 | 405 | 0.348 | 0.234 | |||||
900 | 627 | 1160 | 1 | 14.5 | 449 | 0.386 | 0.260 | |||||
1000 | 727 | 1340 | 1 | 14.5 | 494 | 0.425 | 0.286 | |||||
Liquid | 20 | -253 | -424 | 10 | 145 | 105 | 0.0904 | 0.0607 | ||||
25 | -248 | -415 | 10 | 145 | 107 | 0.0918 | 0.0617 | |||||
31.24 | -241.9 | -403.4 | 10 | 145 | 87.3 | 0.0750 | 0.0504 | 86.8 | 0.0747 | 0.0502 | ||
Gas | 31.24 | -241.9 | -403.4 | 10 | 145 | 38.4 | 0.0331 | 0.0222 | ||||
40 | -233 | -388 | 10 | 145 | 37.3 | 0.0321 | 0.0215 | |||||
60 | -213 | -352 | 10 | 145 | 48.4 | 0.0416 | 0.0280 | |||||
80 | -193 | -316 | 10 | 145 | 63.7 | 0.0548 | 0.0368 | |||||
100 | -173 | -280 | 10 | 145 | 82.5 | 0.0709 | 0.0477 | 70.4 | 0.0605 | 0.0407 | ||
120 | -153 | -244 | 10 | 145 | 103 | 0.0887 | 0.0596 | |||||
140 | -133 | -208 | 10 | 145 | 121 | 0.104 | 0.0700 | |||||
160 | -113 | -172 | 10 | 145 | 136 | 0.117 | 0.0786 | |||||
175 | -98.2 | -145 | 10 | 145 | 118 | 0.102 | 0.0684 | |||||
180 | -93.2 | -136 | 10 | 145 | 148 | 0.127 | 0.0853 | |||||
200 | -73.2 | -99.7 | 10 | 145 | 157 | 0.135 | 0.0905 | |||||
220 | -53.2 | -63.7 | 10 | 145 | 164 | 0.141 | 0.0949 | |||||
240 | -33.2 | -27.7 | 10 | 145 | 172 | 0.147 | 0.0991 | |||||
250 | -23.2 | -9.7 | 10 | 145 | 161 | 0.139 | 0.0933 | |||||
260 | -13.2 | 8.3 | 10 | 145 | 179 | 0.154 | 0.103 | |||||
280 | 6.9 | 44.3 | 10 | 145 | 186 | 0.160 | 0.107 | |||||
300 | 26.9 | 80.3 | 10 | 145 | 193 | 0.166 | 0.112 | |||||
320 | 46.9 | 116 | 10 | 145 | 201 | 0.173 | 0.116 | |||||
325 | 51.9 | 125 | 10 | 145 | 198 | 0.171 | 0.115 | |||||
340 | 66.9 | 152 | 10 | 145 | 209 | 0.179 | 0.121 | |||||
360 | 86.9 | 188 | 10 | 145 | 217 | 0.187 | 0.125 | |||||
400 | 127 | 260 | 10 | 145 | 234 | 0.201 | 0.135 | 235 | 0.202 | 0.136 | ||
500 | 227 | 440 | 10 | 145 | 276 | 0.237 | 0.159 | |||||
600 | 327 | 620 | 10 | 145 | 318 | 0.273 | 0.184 | |||||
700 | 427 | 800 | 10 | 145 | 361 | 0.311 | 0.209 | |||||
800 | 527 | 980 | 10 | 145 | 405 | 0.348 | 0.234 | |||||
900 | 627 | 1160 | 10 | 145 | 450 | 0.387 | 0.260 | |||||
1000 | 727 | 1340 | 10 | 145 | 495 | 0.425 | 0.286 | |||||
Liquid | 25 | -248 | -415 | 50 | 725 | 119 | 0.103 | 0.0690 | ||||
Supercritical phase |
100 | -173 | -280 | 50 | 725 | 80.4 | 0.069 | 0.0465 | ||||
175 | -98.2 | -145 | 50 | 725 | 124 | 0.106 | 0.0714 | |||||
250 | -23.2 | -9.7 | 50 | 725 | 165 | 0.142 | 0.0954 | |||||
325 | 51.9 | 125 | 50 | 725 | 201 | 0.173 | 0.116 | |||||
400 | 127 | 260 | 50 | 725 | 237 | 0.204 | 0.137 | |||||
Liquid | 20 | -253 | -424 | 100 | 1450 | 120 | 0.103 | 0.0695 | ||||
25 | -248 | -415 | 100 | 1450 | 131 | 0.113 | 0.0758 | |||||
Supercritical phase |
40 | -233 | -388 | 100 | 1450 | 122 | 0.105 | 0.0704 | ||||
60 | -213 | -352 | 100 | 1450 | 101 | 0.0865 | 0.0581 | |||||
80 | -193 | -316 | 100 | 1450 | 96.7 | 0.0832 | 0.0559 | |||||
100 | -173 | -280 | 100 | 1450 | 106 | 0.0914 | 0.0614 | 94.2 | 0.080994 | 0.0544 | ||
120 | -153 | -244 | 100 | 1450 | 122 | 0.105 | 0.0703 | |||||
140 | -133 | -208 | 100 | 1450 | 137 | 0.117 | 0.0789 | |||||
160 | -113 | -172 | 100 | 1450 | 149 | 0.128 | 0.0863 | |||||
175 | -98.2 | -145 | 100 | 1450 | 130 | 0.112 | 0.0753 | |||||
180 | -93.2 | -136 | 100 | 1450 | 159 | 0.137 | 0.0921 | |||||
200 | -73.2 | -100 | 100 | 1450 | 167 | 0.144 | 0.0967 | |||||
220 | -53.2 | -63.7 | 100 | 1450 | 174 | 0.150 | 0.100 | |||||
240 | -33.2 | -27.7 | 100 | 1450 | 180 | 0.155 | 0.104 | |||||
250 | -23.2 | -9.7 | 100 | 1450 | 170 | 0.146 | 0.0982 | |||||
260 | -13.2 | 8.3 | 100 | 1450 | 187 | 0.161 | 0.108 | |||||
280 | 6.9 | 44.3 | 100 | 1450 | 193 | 0.166 | 0.112 | |||||
300 | 26.9 | 80.3 | 100 | 1450 | 200 | 0.172 | 0.116 | |||||
320 | 46.9 | 116 | 100 | 1450 | 207 | 0.178 | 0.120 | |||||
325 | 51.9 | 125 | 100 | 1450 | 205 | 0.176 | 0.118 | |||||
340 | 66.9 | 152 | 100 | 1450 | 215 | 0.185 | 0.124 | |||||
360 | 86.9 | 188 | 100 | 1450 | 223 | 0.192 | 0.129 | |||||
400 | 127 | 260 | 100 | 1450 | 239 | 0.206 | 0.138 | 240 | 0.206 | 0.139 | ||
500 | 227 | 440 | 100 | 1450 | 280 | 0.241 | 0.162 | |||||
600 | 327 | 620 | 100 | 1450 | 322 | 0.277 | 0.186 | |||||
700 | 427 | 800 | 100 | 1450 | 365 | 0.314 | 0.211 | |||||
800 | 527 | 980 | 100 | 1450 | 408 | 0.351 | 0.236 | |||||
900 | 627 | 1160 | 100 | 1450 | 452 | 0.389 | 0.261 | |||||
1000 | 727 | 1340 | 100 | 1450 | 497 | 0.428 | 0.287 | |||||
Supercritical phase |
100 | -173 | -280 | 500 | 7252 | 192 | 0.165 | 0.111 | ||||
175 | -98.2 | -145 | 500 | 7252 | 190 | 0.163 | 0.110 | |||||
250 | -23.2 | -9.7 | 500 | 7252 | 212 | 0.182 | 0.122 | |||||
325 | 51.9 | 125 | 500 | 7252 | 238 | 0.204 | 0.137 | |||||
400 | 127 | 260 | 500 | 7252 | 267 | 0.230 | 0.154 |
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