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Fractions

Law of fractions

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Fractions consist of two basic parts:

  • denominator - or bottom number
  • numerator - or the top number

Fraction:

a / b                      (1)

where

a = numerator

b = denominator

  • proper fraction - the nominator smaller than the denominator 
  • improper fraction - the nominator larger than the denominator
  • reducible fraction - is a fraction that can be reduced to lower terms
  • least common denominator - the smallest denominator value divisible
  • mixed number - a combination of a whle number and a fraction

Laws of Fractions

(a / b) + (c / d) = (a d + b c) / (b d)                    (2)

(a / b) (c / d) = (a c) / (b d)                             (3)

(a / b) / (c / d) = (a / b) (d / c)                             (4)

(- a / b) = - (a / b) = a / (- b)                            (5)

[(a / b) + (c / d)] / [(e / f) + ( g / h)]

      = ([(a / b) + (c / d)] / [(e / f) + (g / h)]) ([b d f h] / [b d f h])

      = [((a d) + (b c)) f h] / [((e h) + (f g)) b d]                   (6)

Adding Fractions - Example

(1 / 4) + (3 / 16) + (7 / 8)

= (4 / 4) (1 / 4) + (3 / 16) + (2 / 2) (7 / 8)

= (4 / 16) + (3 / 16) + (14 / 16)

= (4 + 3 + 14) / 16

= 21 / 16

Multiplying Fractions - Example

(3 / 4) (9 / 16)

= ((3) (9)) / ((4) (16))

= 27 / 64

Dividing Fractions - Example

(3 / 4) / (9 / 16)

= ((3) (16)) / ((4) (9))

= 48 / 36

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