Engineering Materials

Typical properties of engineering materials like steel, plastics, ceramics and composites

Material	Density - ρ - (10³ kg/m³)	Tensile Modulus - E - (GPa)	Tensile Strength - σ - (MPa)	Specific Modulus - E / ρ -	Specific Strength - σ / ρ -	Maximum Service Temperature (^oC)
Short-fiber
Glass-filled epoxy (35%)	1.9	25	300	13.2	0.16	80 - 200
Glass-filled polyester (35%)	2.0	15.7	130	7.85	0.065	80 - 125
Glass-filled nylon (35%)	1.6	14.5	200	8.95	0.12	75 - 110
Unidirectional
S-glass epoxy (45%)	1.8	39.5	870	21.8	0.48	80 - 215
Carbon epoxy (61%)	1.6	142	1730	89.3	1.08	80 - 215
Kevlar epoxy (53%)	1.35	63.6	1100	47.1	0.81	80 - 215

Material	Density - ρ - (10³ kg/m³)	Tensile Modulus - E - (GPa)	Tensile Strength - σ - (MPa)	Specific Modulus - E / ρ -	Specific Strength - σ / ρ -	Maximum Service Temperature (^oC)
Cast Iron, grade 20	7.15	100	140	14.3	0.02	230 - 300
Steel, AISI 1045	7.7 - 8.03	205	585	26.3	0.073	500 - 650
Aluminum 2045-T4	2.7	73	450	27	0.17	150 - 250
Aluminum 6061-T6	2.7	69	270	25.5	0.10	150 - 250

Material	Density - ρ - (10³ kg/m³)	Tensile Modulus - E - (GPa)	Tensile Strength - σ - (MPa)	Specific Modulus - E / ρ -	Specific Strength - σ / ρ -	Maximum Service Temperature (^oC)
Alumina	3.8	350	170	92.1	0.045	1425 - 1540
MgO	3.6	205	60	56.9	0.017	900 - 1000

Material	Density - ρ - (10³ kg/m³)	Tensile Modulus - E - (GPa)	Tensile Strength - σ - (MPa)	Specific Modulus - E / ρ -	Specific Strength - σ / ρ -	Maximum Service Temperature (^oC)
Nylon 6/6	1.15	2 - 3.6	82	2.52	0.071	75 - 100
Polyethylene (HDPE)	0.9 - 1.4	0.18 - 1.6	15
Polypropylene	0.9 - 1.24	1.4	33	1.55	0.037	50 - 80
Epoxy	1.25	3.5	69	2.8	0.055	80 - 215
Phenolic	1.35	3.0	6	2.22	0.004	70 - 120

Compression and Tension Strength of some common Materials - Common materials and average ultimate compression and tension strength
Density, Specific Weight and Specific Gravity - An introduction to density, specific gravity and specific weight - formulas with examples
Modulus of Rigidity - Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity) is the elasticity coefficient for shearing or torsion force
Polyester - Chemical Resistance - Chemical resistance of Polyester to products like Acetic acid, Diesel oil and others
Steels - Endurance Limits and Fatigue Stress - Endurance limits and fatigue stress for steels
Stress, Strain and Young's Modulus - Stress is force per unit area - strain is the deformation of a solid due to stress
Temperature and Strength of Metals - Influence of temperature on strength of metals
Young's Modulus - Tensile and Yield Strength for common Materials - Young's Modulus or Tensile Modulus alt. Modulus of Elasticity - and Ultimate Tensile and Yield Strength for steel, glass, wood and other common materials