Thermodynamic Key Values Internationally Agreed
The table contains internationally agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances. The use of these internally consistent values are strongly recommended in the analysis of thermodynamic measurements, data reduction and preparation of other thermodynamic tables.
See explanation of the enthalpy and entropy terms.
See also Standard enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy of formation, entropy and molar heat capacity of organic substances and Standard state and enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy of formation, entropy and heat capacity for tabulation of more thermodynamic information
| Substance | State* | ΔH°f (298.15)°C kJ/mol |
S° (298.15) J/(mol K) |
H°(298.15)-H°(0) kJ/mol |
| Ag(s) | cr | 0 | 42.6 | 5.745 |
| Ag(g) | g | 284.9 | 172.997 | 6.197 |
| Ag + (aq) | aq | 105.79 | 73.5 | |
| AgCl(s) | cr | -127.01 | 96.3 | 12.033 |
| Al(s) | g | 0 | 28.3 | 4.54 |
| Al(g) | cr | 330.0 | 164.554 | 6.919 |
| Al 3+ | aq | -538.4 | -325 | |
| AlF3 (s) | cr | -1510.4 | 66.5 | 11.62 |
| Al2O3 (s) | cr, corundum | -1675.7 | 50.9 | 10.016 |
| Ar | g | 0 | 154.85 | 6.197 |
| B(s) | cr, rhombic | 0 | 5.90 | 1.222 |
| B(g) | g | 565 | 153.436 | 6.316 |
| BF3 | g | -1136.0 | 254.4 | 11.650 |
| B2O3 | cr | -1273.5 | 54.0 | 9.301 |
| Be(g) | g | 324 | 136.275 | 6.197 |
| Be(s) | cr | 0 | 9.50 | 1.950 |
| BeO(s) | cr | -609.4 | 13.77 | 2.837 |
| Br - (aq) | aq | -121.41 | 82.6 | |
| Br(g) | g | 111.87 | 175.018 | 6.197 |
| Br2(l) | l | 0 | 152.2 | 24.52 |
| Br2(g) | g | 30.91 | 245.468 | 9.725 |
| C(s, graphite) | cr, graphite | 0 | 5.7 | 1.05 |
| C(g) | g | 716.68 | 158.100 | 6.536 |
| CO(g) | g | -110.53 | 197.660 | 8.671 |
| CO2(g) | g | -393.51 | 213.79 | 9.365 |
| CO 2 | aq, undissoc. | -413.25 | 119.4 | |
| CO3 2- | aq | -675.23 | -50 | |
| Ca(s) | cr | 0 | 41.6 | 5.736 |
| Ca(g) | g | 177.8 | 154.887 | 6.197 |
| CaO(s) | cr | -634.92 | 38.1 | 6.75 |
| Cd(s) | cr | 0 | 51.8 | 6.247 |
| Cd(g) | g | 111.80 | 167.749 | 6.197 |
| Cd 2+ | aq | -75.92 | -73 | |
| CdO | cr | -258.35 | 55 | 8.41 |
| CdSO 4 *(8/3)H2O | cr | -1729.3 | 229.7 | 35.56 |
| Cl - (aq) | aq | -167.080 | 56.6 | |
| Cl(g) | g | 121.301 | 165.190 | 6.272 |
| ClO 4 - | aq | -128.1 | 184 | |
| Cl2 | g | 0 | 223.08 | 9.181 |
| Cs(s) | cr | 0 | 85.2 | 7.711 |
| Cs(g) | g | 76.5 | 175.601 | 6.197 |
| Cs + | aq | -258.0 | 132.1 | |
| Cu(s) | cr | 0 | 33.15 | 5.004 |
| Cu(g) | g | 337.4 | 166.398 | 6.197 |
| Cu 2+ | aq | 64.9 | -98 | |
| CuSO 4 (s) | cr | -771.4 | 109.2 | 16.86 |
| F - (aq) | aq | -335.35 | -13.8 | |
| F(g) | g | 79.38 | 158.751 | 6.518 |
| F2(g) | g | 0 | 202.791 | 8.825 |
| Ge | cr | 0 | 31.09 | 4.636 |
| Ge | g | 372.00 | 167.904 | 7.398 |
| GeF 4 | g | -1190.2 | 302 | 17.29 |
| GeO 2 | cr, tetragonal | -580 | 39.71 | 7.23 |
| H(g) | g | 217.998 | 114.717 | 6.197 |
| H + (aq) | aq | 0 | 0 | |
| HCO3 - | aq | -69.93 | 98.4 | |
| H2(g) | g | 0 | 130.68 | 8.468 |
| H2O(g) | g | -241.826 | 188.84 | 9.905 |
| H2O(l) | l | -285.830 | 69.95 | 13.273 |
| H2S(g) | g | -20.6 | 205.81 | 9.957 |
| H2S | aq, undissoc. | -38.6 | 126 | |
| HSO 4 - | aq | -886.9 | 132 | |
| HPO 4 2- | aq | -1299 | -33.5 | |
| H2PO 4 - | aq | -1302.6 | 93 | |
| H3 BO3 | cr | -1094.8 | 90.0 | 13.52 |
| H3 BO3 | aq, undissoc. | -1070.8 | 162.4 | |
| HBr(g) | g | -36.29 | 198.700 | 8.648 |
| HCl(g) | g | -92.31 | 186.902 | 8.640 |
| HF(g) | g | -273.3 | 173.779 | 8.599 |
| HI(g) | g | 26.5 | 206.590 | 8.657 |
| He | g | 0 | 126.153 | 6.197 |
| Hg(l) | l | 0 | 75.9 | 9.342 |
| Hg(g) | g | 61.38 | 174.971 | 6.197 |
| Hg 2+ | aq | 170.21 | -36.2 | |
| Hg2 2+ | aq | 166.87 | 65.7 | |
| HgO(s) | cr, red | -90.79 | 70.3 | 9.117 |
| Hg2SO 4 (s) | cr | -743.09 | 200.7 | 26.07 |
| Hg2Cl2(s) | cr | -265.37 | 191.6 | 23.35 |
| I - (aq) | aq | -56.78 | 106.5 | |
| I(g) | g | 106.76 | 180.787 | 6.197 |
| I2(s) | cr | 0 | 116.1 | 13.196 |
| I2(g) | g | 62.42 | 260.687 | 10.116 |
| K(s) | cr | 0 | 64.7 | 7.088 |
| K(g) | g | 89.0 | 160.341 | 6.197 |
| K + | aq | -252.14 | 101.2 | |
| Kr | g | 0 | 164.085 | 6.197 |
| Li(s) | cr | 0 | 29.1 | 4.632 |
| Li(g) | g | 159.3 | 138.78 | 6.197 |
| Li + (aq) | aq | -278.47 | 12.24 | |
| Mg(s) | cr | 0 | 32.7 | 4.998 |
| Mg(g) | g | 147.1 | 148.648 | 6.197 |
| Mg 2+ | aq | -467 | -137 | |
| MgF2(s) | cr | -1124.2 | 57.2 | 9.91 |
| MgO(s) | cr | -601.6 | 27.0 | 5.16 |
| N(g) | g | 472.68 | 153.301 | 6.197 |
| N2(g) | g | 0 | 191.609 | 8.670 |
| NH3 (g) | g | -45.94 | 192.77 | 10.043 |
| NH 4 + (aq) | aq | -133.26 | 111.2 | |
| NO3 - | aq | -206.85 | 146.7 | |
| Na(s) | cr | 0 | 51.3 | 6.46 |
| Na(g) | g | 107.5 | 153.718 | 6.197 |
| Na + (aq) | aq | -240.34 | 58.45 | |
| Ne | g | 0 | 146.328 | 6.197 |
| O(g) | g | 249.18 | 161.059 | 6.725 |
| O2(g) | g | 0 | 205.152 | 8.68 |
| OH - (aq) | aq | -230.015 | -10.9 | |
| P(s, white) | cr | 0 | 41.09 | 5.36 |
| P(g, white) | g | 316.5 | 163.199 | 6.197 |
| P2(g) | g | 144.0 | 218.123 | 8.904 |
| P 4 (g) | g | 58.9 | 280.0 | 14.1 |
| Pb(s) | cr | 0 | 64.8 | 6.87 |
| Pb(g) | g | 195.2 | 175.375 | 6.197 |
| Pb 2+ | aq | 0.92 | 18.5 | |
| PbSO 4 (s) | cr | -920.0 | 148.5 | 20.05 |
| Rb(s) | cr | 0 | 76.8 | 7.49 |
| Rb(g) | g | 80.9 | 170.094 | 6.197 |
| Rb + | aq | -251.1 | 121.75 | |
| S(s, rhombic) | cr | 0 | 32.05 | 4.412 |
| S(g, rhombic) | g | 277.2 | 167.829 | 6.657 |
| SH - | aq | -16.3 | 67 | |
| SO2(g) | g | -296.8 | 248.22 | 10.549 |
| SO 4 2- (aq) | aq | -909.3 | 18.5 | |
| S 2 | g | 128.6 | 228.17 | 9.132 |
| Si(s) | cr | 0 | 18.81 | 3.217 |
| Si(g) | g | 450 | 167.981 | 7.550 |
| SiF 4 | g | -1615.0 | 282.8 | 15.36 |
| SiO 2 | cr, alpha quartz | -911 | 41.5 | 6.92 |
| Sn(s, white) | cr | 0 | 51.18 | 6.323 |
| Sn(g, white) | g | 301 | 168.492 | 6.215 |
| Sn 2+ | aq | -9 | -17 | |
| SnO | cr, tetragonal | -280.7 | 57.2 | 8.74 |
| SnO2(s) | cr, tetragonal | -577.6 | 49.0 | 8.38 |
| Th | cr | 0 | 51.8 | 6.35 |
| Th | g | 602 | 190.17 | 6.197 |
| ThO 2 | cr | -1226.4 | 65.23 | 10.56 |
| Ti(s) | cr | 0 | 30.7 | 4.824 |
| Ti(g) | g | 473 | 180.30 | 7.539 |
| TiCl 4 (g) | g | -763 | 353 | 21.5 |
| TiO2(s) | cr, rutile | -944.0 | 50.6 | 8.68 |
| U(s) | cr | 0 | 50.2 | 6.36 |
| U(g) | g | 533 | 199.8 | 6.50 |
| UO2(s) | cr | -1085 | 77.0 | 11.28 |
| UO2 2+ | aq | -1019 | -98 | |
| UO3 | cr, gamma | -1223 | 96.1 | 14.59 |
| U3 O 8 | cr | -3575 | 282.6 | 42.7 |
| Xe | g | 0 | 169.685 | 6.197 |
| Zn(s) | cr | 0 | 41.6 | |
| Zn(g) | g | 130.4 | 160.990 | 6.197 |
| Zn 2+ | aq | -153.39 | -109.8 | |
| ZnO | cr | -350.5 | 43.7 | 6.93 |
* g: gas, cr: crystalline, aq: solved in water, as ions if not undissociated is indicated
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