Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!

This is an AMP page - Open full page! for all features.

Solubility Product Constants

Sponsored Links

For ionic compounds with limited solubility in water, an equilibrium constant, K sp , can be defined from the ion concentration in water from the equation:

M m A n (s) = m M n+ (aq) + n A m- (aq)

where M m A n is the slightly soluble substance and M n+ and A m- are the ions produced in solution by dissosiation of M m A n .

K sp = [M n+ ] m * [A m- ] n

The table below gives calculated values of K sp for common ionic substances at 25°C (77°F). They are calculated by using standard state thermodynamic data and the equations:

Δ = m f G °(M + , aq) + n f (A - , aq) - Δ f (M m A n , s)        and       ln K sp = -Δ G°/RT

K sp is indicating the maximum concentration of the solved ionic substace in water at the actual (stable) temperature.


For sulfides , a K spa is defined based on the equation

M m S n (s) + 2H + = m M + (aq) + n H2S(aq)

See also Solutions, molarity and dilution , and Solubility guidelines for ionic compounds in water

Solubility Product Constants
Name Formula K sp K spa
Aluminium hydroxide Al(OH) 3 3*10 -34
Aluminium phosphate AlPO 4 9.84 *10 -21
Barium bromate Ba(BrO 3 ) 2 2.43*10-4
Barium carbonate BaCO 3 2.58*10 -9
Barium chromate(VI) BaCrO 4 1.17*10 -10
Barium fluoride BaF 2 1.84*10 -7
Barium hydroxide octahydrate Ba(OH)2*8H2O 2.55*10-4
Barium iodate Ba(IO 3 ) 2 4.01 *10 -9
Barium iodate monohydrate Ba(IO 3 )2*H2O 1.67 *10 -9
Barium molybdate BaMoO 4 3.54*10 -8
Barium nitrate Ba(NO 3 ) 2 4.64*10-3
Barium selenate BaSeO 4 3.40*10 -8
Barium sulfate BaSO 4 1.08*10 -10
Barium sulfite BaSO 3 5.0*10 -10
Beryllium hydroxide Be(OH) 2 6.92*10 -22
Bismuth arsenate BiAsO 4 4.43*10 -10
Bismuth iodide BiI 7.71*10-19
Bismuth triiodite BiI 3 7.71*10-19
Cadmium arsenate Cd 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 2.2*10 -33
Cadmium carbonate CdCO 3 1.0*10-12
Cadmium fluoride CdF 2 6.44 *10-3
Cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH) 2 7.2*10 -15
Cadmium iodate Cd(IO 3 ) 2 2.5*10 -8
Cadmium oxalate trihydrate CdC2O 4 *3H2O 1.42*10 -8
Cadmium phosphate Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2.53*10 -33
Cadmium sulfide CdS 8*10 -7
Calcium carbonate (calcite) CaCO 3 3.36*10 -9
Calcium carbonate (aragonite) CaCO 3 6.0*10 -9
Calcium fluoride CaF 2 3.45*10 -11
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 5.02*10-6
Calcium iodate Ca(IO 3 ) 2 6.47*10-6
Calcium iodate hexahydrate Ca(IO 3 )2*6H2O 7.10 *10 -7
Calcium molybdate CaMoO 4 1.46*10 -8
Calcium oxalate monohydrate CaC2O 4 *H2O 2.32*10 -9
Calcium phosphate Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2.07*10 -33
Calcium sulfate CaSO 4 4.93*10 -5
Calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO 4 *2H2O 3.14 *10 -5
Calcium sulfite hemihydrate CaSO 3 *0.5H2O 3.1 *10 -7
Cesium perchlorate CsClO 4 3.95*10-3
Cesium periodate CsIO 4 5.16 *10-6
Cobalt(II) arsenate Co 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 6.80 *10 -29
Cobalt(II) carbonate CoCO 3 1.0 *10 -10
Cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH) 2 5.92*10 -15
Cobalt(II) iodate dihydrate Co(IO 3 )2*2H2O 1.21*10-2
Cobalt(II) phosphate Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 2.05*10 -35
Copper(II) arsenate Cu 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 7.95*10 -36
Copper(I) bromide CuBr 6.27*10 -9
Copper(I) chloride CuCl 1.72*10 -7
Copper(I) cyanide CuCN 3.47 *10 -20
Copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH) 2 1*10 -20
Copper(II) iodate monohydrate Cu(IO 3 )2*H2O 6.94 *10 -8
Copper(I) iodide CuI 1.27*10-12
Copper(II) oxalate CuC2O 4 4.43*10 -10
Copper(II) phosphate Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 1.40*10 -37
Copper(II) sulfide CuS 6*10 -16
Copper(I) thiocyanate CuSCN 1.77*10 -13
Chromium(II)hydroxide Cr(OH) 2 1*10 -17
Chromium(III)hydroxide Cr(OH) 3 1*10 -30
Europium(III) hydroxide Eu(OH) 3 9.38 *10 -27
Gallium(III) hydroxide Ga(OH) 3 7.38 *10 -36
Iron(II) carbonate FeCO 3 3.13 *10 -11
Iron(II) fluoride FeF 2 2.36*10-6
Iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH) 2 4.87*10 -17
Iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH) 3 2.79*10 -39
Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate FePO 4 *2H2O 9.91*10 -16
Iron(II) sulfide FeS 6*102
Lanthanum iodate La(IO 3 ) 3 7.50*10-12
Lead(II) bromide PbBr 2 6.60*10-6
Lead(II) carbonate PbCO 3 7.40*10 -14
Lead(II) chloride PbCl 2 1.70*10 -5
Lead(II) chromate PbCrO 4 3*10 -13
Lead(II) fluoride PbF 2 3.3*10 -8
Lead(II) hydroxide Pb(OH) 2 1.43*10 -20
Lead(II) iodate Pb(IO 3 ) 2 3.69*10 -13
Lead(II) iodide PbI 2 9.8*10 -9
Lead oxalate PbC2O 4 8.5*10 -9
Lead(II) selenate PbSeO 4 1.37*10 -7
Lead(II) sulfate PbSO 4 2.53*10 -8
Lead(II) sulfide PbS 3*10 -7
Lithium carbonate LiCO 3 8.15*10-4
Lithium fluoride LiF 1.84*10-3
Lithium phosphate Li 3 PO 4 2.37*10 -11
Magnesium ammonium phosphate MgNH 4 PO 4 3*10 -13
Magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 6.82*10-6
Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate MgCO 3 *5H2O 3.79*10-6
Magnesium carbonate trihydrate MgCO 3 *3H2O 2.38*10-6
Magnesium fluoride MgF 2 5.16*10 -11
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 5.61*10-12
Magnesium oxalate dihydrate MgC2O 4 *2H2O 4.83*10-6
Magnesium phosphate Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 1.04*10 -24
Manganese(II) carbonate MnCO 3 2.24*10 -11
Manganese(II) iodate Mn(IO 3 ) 2 4.37*10 -7
Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate MnC2O4*2H2O 1.70*10 -7
Manganese(II) sulfide (a-form) MnS 3*10 7
Mercury(I) bromide Hg2Br 2 6.40*10 -23
Mercury(II) bromide HgBr 3 6.2*10 -20
Mercury(I) carbonate Hg2CO 3 3.6*10 -17
Mercury(I) chloride Hg2Cl 2 1.43*10 -18
Mercury(I) fluoride Hg2F 2 3.10*10-6
Mercury(I)hydroxide Hg2(OH) 2 2*10 -24
Mercury(II) hydroxide Hg(OH) 2 4*10 -26
Mercury(I) iodide Hg2I 2 5.2*10 -29
Mercury(II) iodide (red) HgI 2 2.9*10 -29
Mercury(I) oxalate Hg2C2O 4 1.75*10 -13
Mercury(I) sulfate Hg2SO 4 6.5*10 -7
Mercury(II) sulfide (red) Hg2S 4*10 -33
Mercury(II) sulfide (black) Hg2S 2*10 -32
Mercury(I) thiocyanate Hg2(SCN) 2 3.2*10 -20
Neodymium carbonate Nd2(CO 3 ) 3 1.08*10 -33
Nickel(II) carbonate NiCO 3 1.42*10 -7
Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH) 2 5.48*10 -16
Nickel(II) iodate Ni(IO 3 ) 2 4.71*10 -5
Nickel(II) phosphate Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 4.74*10 -32
Palladium(II) thiocyanate Pd(SCN) 2 4.39*10 -23
Potassium hexachloroplatinate K2PtCl6 7.48*10-6
Potassium perchlorate KClO 4 1.05*10-2
Potassium periodate KIO 4 3.71*10-4
Praseodymium(III) hydroxide Pr(OH) 3 3.39*10 -24
Radium iodate Ra(IO 3 ) 2 1.16*10 -9
Radium sulfate RaSO 4 3.66*10 -11
Rubidium perchlorate RbClO 4 3.00*10-3
Scandium fluoride ScF 3 5.81*10 -24
Scandium hydroxide Sc(OH) 3 2.22*10 -31
Silver(I) acetate AgC2H 3 O 2 1.94*10-3
Silver(I) arsenate Ag 3 AsO 4 1.03*10 -22
Silver(I) bromate AgBrO 3 5.38*10 -5
Silver(I) bromide AgBr 5.35*10 -13
Silver(I) carbonate Ag2CO 3 8.46*10-12
Silver(I) chloride AgCl 1.77*10 -10
Silver(I) chromate Ag2CrO 4 1.12*10-12
Silver(I) cyanide AgCN 5.97*10 -17
Silver(I) hydroxide AgOH 2*10 -8
Silver(I) iodate AgIO 3 3.17*10 -8
Silver(I) iodide AgI 8.52*10 -17
Silver(I) oxalate Ag2C2O 4 5.40*10-12
Silver(I) phosphate Ag 3 PO 4 8.89*10 -17
Silver(I) sulfate Ag2SO 4 1.20*10 -5
Silver(I) sulfide Ag2S 6*10 -30
Silver(I) sulfite Ag2SO 3 1.50*10 -14
Silver(I) thiocyanate AgSCN 1.03*10-12
Strontium arsenate Sr 3 (AsO 4 ) 4.29*10-19
Strontium carbonate SrCO 3 5.60*10 -10
Strontium fluoride SrF 2 4.33*10 -9
Strontium iodate Sr(IO 3 ) 2 1.14*10 -7
Strontium iodate hexahydrate Sr(IO 3 )2*6H2O 4.55*10 -7
Strontium iodate monohydrate Sr(IO 3 )2*H2O 3.77*10 -7
Strontium oxalate SrC2O 4 5*10 -8
Strontium sulfate SrSO 4 3.44*10 -7
Thallium(I) bromate TlBrO 3 1.10*10-4
Thallium(I) bromide TlBr 3.71*10-6
Thallium(I) chloride TlCl 1.86*10-4
Thallium(I) chromate Tl2CrO 4 8.67*10 -13
Thallium(III) hydroxide Tl(OH) 3 1.68*10 -44
Thallium(I) iodate TlIO 3 3.12*10-6
Thallium(I) iodine TlI 5.54*10 -8
Thallium(I) thiocyanate TlSCN 1.57*10-4
Tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH) 2 5.45*10 -27
Tin(II) sulfide SnS 1*10 -5
Vanadium(II) hydroxide V(OH) 2 4*10 -16
Vanadium(III) hydroxide V(OH) 3 4*10 -35
Yttrium carbonate Y2(CO 3 ) 3 1.03*10 -31
Yttrium fluoride YF 3 8.62*10 -21
Yttrium hydroxide Y(OH) 3 1.00*10 -22
Yttrium iodate Y(IO 3 ) 3 1.12*10 -10
Zinc arsenate Zn 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 2.8*10 -28
Zinc carbonate ZnCO 3 1.46*10 -10
Zinc carbonate monohydrate ZnCO 3 *H2O 5.42*10 -11
Zinc fluoride ZnF 2 3.04*10-2
Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH) 2 3*10 -17
Zinc iodate dihydrate Zn(IO 3 )2*2H2O 4.1*10-6
Zinc oxalate dihydrate ZnC2O 4 *2H2O 1.38*10 -9
Zinc selenide ZnSe 3.6*10 -26
Zinc selenite monohydrate ZnSeO 3 *H2O 1.59*10 -7
Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) ZnS 2*10-4
Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) ZnS 3*10-2
Sponsored Links

Related Topics

Fluid Mechanics

The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time.

Material Properties

Properties of gases, fluids and solids. Densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.

Related Documents

Concentration Units Converter

Calculator and formulas for conversion between different units of concentration: Molarity, molality, mole fraction, weight percent of solute and grams of solute per liter of solution - descriptive terms for solubility.

Ionic Compounds in Water - Solubility Guidelines

Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature.

Mixtures, Solutions and Suspensions

Mixtures vs. solutions vs. suspensions.

Naming Inorganic Binary Compounds

Rules for naming inorganic ionic and covalent types of chemical compounds.

Salinity of Water

Salinity - salt content - of fresh, brackish and sea water.

Solubility

The amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent.

Solubility of Gases in Water vs. Temperature

Solubility of Ammonia, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine, Ethane, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide in water.

Solutions, Molarity and Dilution

Definitions and examples of how to calculate wt%, molarity and how to prepare dilutions.

Sugar Solubility in Water

Solubility of sugar in water.

Sponsored Links

Search Engineering ToolBox

  • the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!

SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling!

Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro . Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the Sketchup Extension Warehouse!

Privacy

We don't collect information from our users. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience.

Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. We don't save this data.

Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected.

AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information.