Ionic Compounds in Water - Solubility Guidelines

Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature.

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Usually Soluble		Exceptions
Acetates	CH₃COO^-	Moderately soluble: CH₃COOAg
Ammonium	NH₄⁺
Chlorates	ClO₃^-
Perchlorates	ClO₄^-
Group 1 cations	Li⁺
	Na⁺
	K⁺
	Rb⁺
	Cs⁺
Halides	F^-	Insoluble: MgF₂, CaF₂, SrF₂, BaF₂, PbF₂
	Cl^-	Insoluble: AgCl, Hg₂Cl₂, PbCl₂,
	Br ^-	Insoluble: AgBr, Hg₂Br₂, PbBr₂,
	I^-	Insoluble: AgI, Hg₂I₂, PbI₂,
Nitrates	NO₃^-
Nitrites	NO₂^-	Moderately soluble: AgNO₂
Sulfates	SO₄^2-	Moderate soluble: CaSO₄, SrSO₄, Ag₂SO₄ Insoluble: BaSO₄, PbSO₄, HgSO₄

Usually Insoluble		Exceptions
Carbonates	CO₃^2-	Soluble: (NH₄)₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃
Hydroxides	OH^-	Soluble: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)₂ Moderately soluble: Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂
Phosphates	PO₄^3-	Soluble: (NH₄)₃PO₄, Na₃PO₄, K₃PO₄
Sulfides	S^2-	Soluble: (NH₄)₂S, Na₂S, K₂S, MgS, CaS

Mixtures, Solutions and Suspensions - Mixtures vs. solutions vs. suspensions.
Naming Inorganic Binary Compounds - Rules for naming inorganic ionic and covalent types of chemical compounds.
Salinity of Water - Salinity - salt content - of fresh, brackish and sea water.
Solubility - The amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent.
Solubility of Gases in Water vs. Temperature - Solubility of Ammonia, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine, Ethane, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide in water.
Solubility product constants - The equilibrium constant, Ksp, for aqueous solutions of ionic compounds at 25°C.
Solutions, Molarity and Dilution - Definitions and examples of how to calculate wt%, molarity and how to prepare dilutions.
Sugar Solubility in Water - Solubility of sugar in water.