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Water Distribution Pipes - Materials

Materials used in water distribution pipes.

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A water-distribution pipe is located inside a building and delivers potable water to the fixtures. The supply system delivering water from the potable source to the building is the "water service" pipe.

The water distribution system includes normally both hot and cold water. The temperature range limits the materials allowed.

it is common to rate water-distribution pipes for a minimum working pressure of aprox. 100 psi (7 bar) and 180^oF (80^oC)

It the the water-service to the building exceeds the rated water-distribution pressure, a pressure-reducing valve must be installed.

Commonly used and approved materials in water-distribution pipe lines are

Copper tube
Galvanized steel pipe
PB - polybutene
PEX - cross-linked Polyethylene

Water Distribution Pipes

Materials used for water distribution pipes according US standards.

Piping Material	US Standards
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing	ASTM D2846; ASTM F441; ASTM F442; CSA B137.6
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/aluminum/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC/AL/CPVC)	ASTM F2855
Copper or copper-alloy pipe	ASTM B42; ASTM B302; ASTM B43
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)	ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251; ASTM B447
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing	ASTM F876; CSA B137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) pipe	ASTM F1281; ASTM F2262; CSA B137.10
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX-AL-HDPE)	ASTM F1986
Ductile iron pipe	AWWA C151/A21.51; AWWA C115/A21.15
Galvanized steel pipe	ASTM A53
Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) composite pipe	ASTM F1282
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing	ASTM F2769; CSA B137.158
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing	ASTM F2389; CSA B137.11
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)	ASTM A312; ASTM A778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L)	ASTM A312; ASTM A778

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Related Topics

Water Systems - Hot and cold water service systems - design properties, capacities, sizing and more.

Related Documents

ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping - Working Pressure and Temperature Limits - The working pressure and temperature limits of ASME Code B31.9 - Building Services Piping.
ASTM F876 - PEX Tube - Dimensions - Dimensions of PEX tubes.
Domestic Service Water Supply Systems - Introduction to general design of domestic service water supply systems - with pressurized or gravity tanks.
Hazen-Williams Friction Loss Equation - calculating Head Loss in Water Pipes - Friction head loss (ft_H2O per 100 ft pipe) in water pipes can be estimated with the empirical Hazen-Williams equation.
Hoses - Pressure Loss vs. Water Flow - Pressure loss in hoses due to water flow and friction.
Hot and Cold Water Pipe Sizing - Recommended dimensions hot and cold water pipes.
Hot Water Circulation System - Return Pipes - Hot water can be circulated through a return pipe if it's instantly required at the fixtures.
Impurities in Water Supply Systems - Typiclal limits for impurities in drinking water.
ISO 4427 - PE Pipes for Water Supply - Dimensions - Polyethylene pipe dimensions according European Standards.
PE Water Supply Pipes - Properties - Nominal pipe size, outside diameter, wall thickness, weight and working pressure.
Water Service Pipe Lines - Water service pipe lines extends from the potable water source to the interior of buildings.
Water Supply - Calculating Demand - Calculating expected demand for water supply service lines.
Water Supply Fixture Units WSFU - WSFU is used to calculate water supply service systems.
Water Supply Lines - Sizing - Sizing water supply service and distribution lines based on Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU).
Water Supply Pipe Lines - Sizing - Sizing of water supply pipe lines.
Water Supply Systems - Online Design Application - Free online tool for designing water supply systems in buildings.

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