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Water Systems - Maximum Flow Velocities

Water velocities in pipes and tubes should not exceed certain limits.

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The fluid flow velocities in water systems should not exceed certain limits to avoid noise and damaging wear and tear of pipes and fittings. The table below can be used as a guide to maximum velocities:

ApplicationMaximum Velocity
(m/s)(ft/s)
General Water Service 0.9 - 2.4 3 - 8
Tap water (low noise) 0.5 - 0.7 1.6 - 2.3
Tap water 1.0 - 2.5 3.3 - 8.2
Cooling water 1.5 - 2.5 4.9 - 8.2
Suction boiler feed water 0.5 - 1.0 1.6 - 3.3
Discharge boiler feed water 1.5 - 2.5 4.9 - 8.2
Condensate 1.0 - 2.0 3.3 - 6.5
Process water 1.5 - 3 5 - 10
Pump discharge 1.5 - 3 5 - 10
Pump suction 0.9 - 2.4 3 - 8
Heating circulation 1.0 - 3.0 3.3 - 9.8
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  • Engineering ToolBox, (2003). Water Systems - Maximum Flow Velocities. [online] Available at: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flow-velocity-water-pipes-d_385.html [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

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