Fittings and Minor Pressure Loss

Minor pressure loss with fittings in piping heating systems.

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Minor pressure loss in a piping system is caused by valves, elbows and other components. The tables below can be used as an indication of the minor loss coefficients of some common components in piping systems:

Fitting	Minor Loss Coefficient - ξ -
Radiators	3.0
Boilers	2.5
Abrupt velocity change	1.0
Cross-over	0.5
Tee, straight way	1.5
Tee, branch	1.5
Tee, counter current	3.0

Minor Loss Coefficient - ξ
Fitting	Nominal bore (mm)
Fitting	15	20	25	32	40	50
Radiator valve, angle Radiator valve, straight	7 4	4 2	4 2	4 2
Gate valve, screwed Gate valve, flanged	1.5 0	0.5 0	0.5 0	0.5 0	0.5 0	0.5 0
Elbow	2	2	1.5	1.5	1.0	1.0
Bend	1.5	1.5	1	1	0.5	0.5

Convert minor resistance in fittings to major frictional resistance:

Frictional resistance in fittings for various velocities and values of Minor Loss Coefficient - ξ
Velocity (m/s)	Minor Loss Coefficient - ξ
Velocity (m/s)	1	2	3	4	5	10	15
0.24	0.029	0.057	0.086	0.115	0.144	0.285	0.43
0.50	0.125	0.25	0.375	0.50	0.62	1.25	1.87
0.75	0.28	0.56	0.84	1.12	1.40	2.80	4.20
1.0	0.50	1.00	1.50	2.00	2.50	5.00	7.50
1.2	0.72	1.44	2.15	2.85	3.60	7.20	10.80
1.5	1.12	2.25	3.35	4.50	5.60	11.20	16.8
1.7	1.44	2.90	4.30	5.80	7.20	14.4	21.6
2.0	2.00	4.00	6.00	8.00	1.00	19.9	29.9
2.4	2.85	5.70	8.60	11.50	1.44	28.7	43.1
2.8	3.90	7.80	11.70	15.60	1.95	39.1	58.6
3.0	4.50	9.00	13.50	17.90	2.24	44.9	67.3

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