Polymers - Physical Properties
Densities, tensile strength, elongation, Youngs modulus and Brinell hardness.
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Physical properties of some common plastic materials are indicated below.
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics can be softened as often as they are reheated and are not so rigid as thermosetting plastics but tend to be rougher.
| Polymer | Density - ρ - (kg/m3) Load Calculator! | Tensile Strength - σ - (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Young's Modulus - E - (GPa) | Brinell Hardness Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABS | |||||
| Acrylic (metacrylate) | 1190 | 74 | 6 | 3.0 | 34 |
| Cellulose Acetate | 1300 | 40 | 10 - 60 | 1.4 | 12 |
| Cellulose Nitrate | 1350 | 48 | 40 | 1.4 | 10 |
| Nylon | 1160 | 60 | 90 | 2.4 | 10 |
| Polyethylene | 950 | 20 - 30 | 20 - 100 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Polycarbonate | |||||
| Polyethermide | |||||
| Polyethylene | |||||
| Polyimide | |||||
| Polypropylene | 900 | 27 | 200 - 700 | 1.3 | 10 |
| Polystyrene | 1050 | 48 | 3 | 3.4 | 25 |
| PTFE (fluoropolymer) | 2100 | 13 | 100 | 0.3 | |
| PVC | 1330 | 48 | 200 | 3.4 | 20 |
Termosets (Thermosetting Plastics)
Thermosetting plastics undergo a chemical change during moulding an can never again be softened by reheating. The chemical change in the moulding process is triggered by temperature and pressure and is called curing.
Thermosetting plastics are harder and more brittle than thermoplastic materials.
| Polymer | Density - ρ - (kg/m3) Load Calculator! | Tensile Strength - σ - (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Young's Modulus - E - (GPa) | Brinell Hardness Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetals, glass filled | 1600 | 58 - 75 | 2 - 7 | 7 | 27 |
| Allyl | |||||
| Epoxy resin, glass filled | 1600 - 2000 | 68 - 200 | 4 | 20 | 38 |
| Melamine formaldehyde, fabric filled | 1800 - 2000 | 60 - 90 | 7 | 38 | |
| Phenol formaldehyde, mica filled (phenolic) | 1600 - 1900 | 38 - 50 | 0.5 | 17 - 35 | 36 |
| Polyurethane | |||||
| Silicone | |||||
| Urea formaldehyde, cellulose filled | 1500 | 38 - 90 | 1 | 7 - 10 | 51 |
- 1 MPa = 0.1 GPa = 1 N/mm2
- 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa = 10-6 N/mm2 = 1.4504x10-4 psi
Elastomers
Elastomers are substances such as natural rubber and polymers which have material properties which resemble rubber.
- Butyl
- Chloroprene, neoprene
- Ethylene–propylene
- Fluorinated copolymers
- Isoprene
- Natural rubber
- Nitrile, Buna N
- Polysulfide
- Polyurethane
- PVC
- Silicone copolymers
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