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Hydrostatic Pressure vs. Depth

Depth and hydrostatic pressure.

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Hydrostatic pressure in a liquid can be calculated as

p = ρ g h (1)

where

p = pressure in liquid (N/m², Pa, lb_f/ft², psf)

ρ = density of liquid (kg/m³, slugs/ft³)

g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s², 32.17405 ft/s²)

h = height of fluid column - or depth in the fluid where pressure is measured (m, ft)

Hydrostatic pressure in a water column - or depth (density of water 1000 kg/m³):

Height of Water Column		Pressure
(m)	(ft)	(kPa)	(bar)	(atm)	(psi)
1	3.28	9.81	0.098	0.097	1.42
2	6.56	19.6	0.196	0.194	2.85
3	9.84	29.4	0.294	0.290	4.27
4	13.1	39.2	0.392	0.387	5.69
5	16.4	49.1	0.491	0.484	7.11
6	19.7	58.9	0.589	0.581	8.54
7	23.0	68.7	0.687	0.678	10.0
8	26.2	78.5	0.785	0.775	11.4
9	29.5	88.3	0.883	0.871	12.8
10	32.8	98.1	0.981	0.968	14.2
12	39.4	118	1.18	1.16	17.1
14	45.9	137	1.37	1.36	19.9
16	52.5	157	1.57	1.55	22.8
18	59.0	177	1.77	1.74	25.6
20	65.6	196	1.96	1.94	28.5
25	82.0	245	2.45	2.42	35.6
30	98.4	294	2.94	2.90	42.7
35	115	343	3.43	3.39	49.8
40	131	392	3.92	3.87	56.9
50	164	491	4.91	4.84	71.1
60	197	589	5.89	5.81	85.4
70	230	687	6.87	6.78	100
80	262	785	7.85	7.75	114
90	295	883	8.83	8.71	128
100	328	981	9.81	9.68	142

Example - Pressure acting in water at depth 1 m

The density of water at 4^oC is 1000 kg/m³. The pressure acting in water at 1 m can be calculated as

p = ρ g h

= (1000 kg/m³) (9.81 m/s²) (1 m)

= 9810 Pa

Example - Pressure acting in water at depth 3 ft

The density of water at 32^oF is 1.940 slugs/ft³. The pressure acting in water at 3 ft can be calculated as

p = ρ g h

= (1.940 slugs/ft³) (32.17405 ft/s²) (3 ft)

= 187.3 lb_f/ft² (psf)

= 1.3 lb_f/in² (psi)

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Ocean Pressure - Depth and Latitude

Ocean pressure varies with depth and position (latitude) on earth.

Ocean Pressure (MPa)
Depth (m)	Latitude (degrees)
Depth (m)	0	15	30	45	60	75	90
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1000	10.080	10.083	10.093	10.106	10.120	10.130	10.133
2000	20.208	20.215	20.234	20.261	20.288	20.308	20.315
3000	30.383	30.394	30.424	30.464	30.505	30.535	30.545
4000	40.606	40.620	40.660	40.714	40.768	40.808	40.823
5000	50.874	50.892	50.942	51.010	51.079	51.129	51.147
6000	61.188	61.210	61.270	61.352	61.434	61.495	61.517
7000	71.547	71.572	71.643	71.739	71.835	71.906	71.932
8000	81.949	81.979	82.059	82.170	82.280	82.361	82.391
9000	92.395	92.428	92.519	92.644	92.769	92.861	92.894
10000	102.880	102.917	103.019	103.157	103.296	103.398	103.436

1 Pa = 10^-6 MPa = 10^-3 kPa = 10^-6 N/mm² = 10^-5 bar = 0.1020 kp/m² = 1.020x10^-4 m H₂O at 4°C/39°F = 9.869x10^-6 atm = 0.004 in H₂O= 1.450x10^-4 psi (lbf/in²) = 0.02089 lbf/ft² (psf)

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Related Topics

Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time.

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