Note! - be aware that evaporation pressure - and possible cavitation - increases dramatically with water temperature.
Cavitation can be avoided by locating components to the coldest part of systems. Example - it is common to locate pumps and modulating valves in heating systems in the "cold" return lines before heaters and heat-exchangers.
The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time.
Piping systems and pumps - centrifugal pumps, displacement pumps - cavitation, viscosity, head and pressure, power consumption and more.
ABMA recommended feed water chemistry limits for steam boilers.
Recommended max suction flow velocity when pumping boiling fluids.
An introduction and definition of the Cavitation Number.
High temperatures and danger of impeller cavitation is the major challenge for condensate pumping in steam systems.
Control valves and cavitation, application ratio and multi stage control valves.
Cavitation of impellers increases with water temperatures.
Make-up water to steam boilers should be treated with oxygen scavengers to avoid serious corrosion problems.
Recommended max. suction flow velocities when pumping light oils.
Suction Specific Speed can be used to determine stable and reliable operations for pumps with max efficiency without cavitation.
Operating temperatures for typical categories of valves - ball valves, butterfly valves and more.
Recommended max. pump suction flow velocity for viscous fluids.
Recommended max. water flow velocities on suction sides of pumps.
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