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Fuels - Higher Calorific Values
Higher calorific values for some common fuels - coke, oil, wood, hydrogen and others
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The calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat produced by its combustion - at constant pressure and under "normal" ("standard") conditions (i.e. to 0oC and under a pressure of 1,013 mbar).
The combustion process generates water vapor and certain techniques may be used to recover the quantity of heat contained in this water vapor by condensing it.
- Higher Calorific Value (or Gross Calorific Value - GCV, or Higher Heating Value - HHV) - the water of combustion is entirely condensed and that the heat contained in the water vapor is recovered
- Lower Calorific Value (or Net Calorific Value - NCV, or Lower Heating Value - LHV) - the products of combustion contains the water vapor and that the heat in the water vapor is not recovered
| Fuel | Higher Calorific Value (Gross Calorific Value - GCV) | Lower Calorific Value (Net Calorific Value - NCV) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| kJ/kg | Btu/lb | kJ/kg | |
| Acetone | 29,000 | ||
| Alcohol, 96% | 30,000 | ||
| Anthracite | 32,500 - 34,000 | 14,000 - 14,500 | |
| Bituminous coal | 17,000 - 23,250 | 7,300 - 10,000 | |
| Butane | 49,510 | 20,900 | 45,750 |
| Carbon | 34,080 | ||
| Charcoal | 29,600 | 12,800 | |
| Coal (Lignite - Anthrasite) | 15,000 - 27,000 | 8,000 - 14,000 | |
| Coke | 28,000 - 31,000 | 12,000 - 13,500 | |
| Diesel | 44,800 | 19,300 | 43,400 |
| Ethane | 51,900 | 47,800 | |
| Ethanol | 29,700 | 12,800 | |
| Ether | 43,000 | ||
| Gasoline | 47,300 | 20,400 | 44,400 |
| Glycerin | 19,000 | ||
| Hydrogen | 141,790 | 61,000 | 121,000 |
| Kerosene | 46,200 | 43,000 | |
| Lignite | 16,300 | 7,000 | |
| Methane | 55,530 | 50,000 | |
| Oils, vegetable | 39,000 - 48,000 | ||
| Paraffin | 46,000 | 41,500 | |
| Peat | 13,800 - 20,500 | 5,500 - 8,800 | |
| Pentane | 45,350 | ||
| Petrol | 48,000 | ||
| Petroleum | 43,000 | ||
| Propane | 50,350 | 46,350 | |
| Semi anthracite | 26,700 - 32,500 | 11,500 - 14,000 | |
| Sulfur | 9,200 | ||
| Tar | 36,000 | ||
| Turpentine | 44,000 | ||
| Wood (dry) | 14,400 - 17,400 | 6,200 - 7,500 | |
| kJ/m3 | Btu/ft3 | ||
| Acetylene | 56,000 | ||
| Butane C4H10 | 133,000 | 3200 | |
| Hydrogen | 13,000 | ||
| Natural gas | 43,000 | 950 - 1150 | |
| Methane CH4 | 39,820 | ||
| Propane C3H8 | 101,000 | 2550 | |
| Town gas | 18,000 | ||
| kJ/l | Btu/Imp gal | ||
| Gas oil | 38,000 | 164,000 | |
| Heavy fuel oil | 41,200 | 177,000 | |
| Kerosene | 35,000 | 154,000 | |
- 1 kJ/kg = 1 J/g = 0.4299 Btu/ lbm = 0.23884 kcal/kg
- 1 Btu/lbm = 2.326 kJ/kg = 0.55 kcal/kg
- 1 kcal/kg = 4.1868 kJ/kg = 1.8 Btu/lbm
- 1 dm3 (Liter) = 10-3 m3 = 0.03532 ft3 = 1.308x10-3 yd3 = 0.220 Imp gal (UK) = 0.2642 Gallons (US)
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