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Paraffins and Alkanes - Combustion Properties

Heating values, air/fuel ratios, flame speed, flame temperatures, ignition temperatures, flash points and flammability limits

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Paraffin or Alkanes	Chemical Formula	Higher Heating Value (Btu/lb_m)	Air/Fuel Ratio	Maximum Flame Speed (ft/s)	Adiabatic Flame Temperature (^oF)	Ignition Temperature (^oF)	Flash Point (^oF)	Flammability Limits
Paraffin or Alkanes	Chemical Formula	Higher Heating Value (Btu/lb_m)	Air/Fuel Ratio	Maximum Flame Speed (ft/s)	Adiabatic Flame Temperature (^oF)	Ignition Temperature (^oF)	Flash Point (^oF)	LEL	UEL
Ethane	C₂H₆	22323	15.899	1.3	3540	968 - 1166	^*)	3.0	12.5
n-Butane	C₄H₁₀	21321	14.984	1.2	3583	761	-76	1.9	8.4
iso-Butane	C₄H₁₀	21271	14.984	1.2	3583	864	-117	1.8	8.4
n-Heptane	C₇H₁₆	20854	14.141	1.3	3985	433	25	1.0	6.0
n-Hexane	C₆H₁₄	20966	15.238	1.3	4030	478	-7	1.3	7.0
Methane	CH₄	23875	17.195	1.1	3484	1301	^*)	5.0	15.0
Neopentane	C₅H₁₂	20978	15.323	1.1	4060	842	^*)	1.4	7.2
Neohexane	C₆H₁₄	20931	15.238	1.2	4055	797	-54	1.2	7.6
n-Octane	C₈H₁₈	20796	15.093			428	56	0.9	3.2
iso-Octane	C₈H₁₈	20770	15.093	1.1		837	10	0.8	5.9
n-Pentane	C₅H₁₂	21095	15.323	1.3	4050	588	< -40	1.4	7.8
iso-Pentane	C₅H₁₂	21047	15.323	1.2	4055	788	< - 60	1.3	9.2
Propane	C₃H₈	21669	15.246	1.3	3573	871	^*)	2.1	10.1

^*) gas

LEL - Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit
UEL - Upper Explosive or Flammable Limit

1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
T(^oC) = 5/9[T(^oF) - 32]
1 Btu/lb_m = 2,326.1 J/kg = 0.55556 kcal/kg

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