Process Control • Risk, Reliability and Safety
Risk, reliability and safety in process control systems.
CE Marking
Verifies that a product is designed to the appropriate standards according the European Machine Directive.
Dust Explosions - Critical Temperatures and Concentrations
Critical temperatures and concentration parameters for substances like coal, zinc, uranium and more.
Electrical Enclosure Types by NEMA
Description of NEMA electrical enclosures types.
Fire-Stop Ratings
F-rated, T-rated and L-rated fire-stop systems.
Firefighting Water - Required Volume Flow
Required water for firefighting.
Flash Points
The flash point of a chemical indicates how easy it may ignite and burn.
Flash Points - Liquids
The flash points for some common liquids and fuels.
Gases - Dangerous Concentration Levels
Dangerous vs. tolerable concentration levels for some industrial gases.
Hazard Rating Systems for Chemicals
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) hazard system for chemical materials.
Hazardous Areas - European Classification Standard
European hazardous area classification with zones, protection types, temperature codes and codes.
Hazardous Areas - North America Classification
North American hazardous locations classification with classes, divisions and groups
Hazardous Areas - Protection Techniques according European IECEx
Hazardous areas protection techniques - explosion proof, flameproof and intrinsically safe.
Hazardous Areas Protection Techniques for North America
Dust-ignition proof, explosion proof, instrinsically safe and nonincendive protection of hazardous areas.
Hydrocarbons - Autoignition Temperatures and Flash Points
Autoignition temperatures and flash points (°C and °F) of different types of hydrocarbons with varying carbon numbers up to C12.
Intrinsically Safe Equipment - an Introduction
Equipment and wiring incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most easily ignited concentration.
IP - Ingress Protection Ratings
IP - Ingress Protection rating is used to specify the environmental protection - or electrical enclosure - of electrical equipment.
Low Pressure Steam Safety Valves - Capacities
Sizing safety valves after boiler output power in low pressure systems (kW and Btu/hr).
NDT - Non Destructive Testing
Non-destructive construction testing.
Reliability of Machine Components
Mean Time Between Failure - MTB and reliability of machine components and systems.
Safety Signals - Recommended Colors
American National Standards Institutes schedule for safety colors marking physical hazards.
Steam Safety Valves - Installation Guide
Guidelines to safety steam valves installation.
Water Sprinkler - Protection Area vs. Classification
Maximum fire sprinkler protection area vs. classification and construction.
