Energy Storage Density

Energy density - by weight and volume - for some ways to store energy

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Energy Storage		Typical Energy Densities
Energy Storage		(kJ/kg) Load Calculator!	(MJ/m³)
Thermal Energy, low temperature	Water, temperature difference 100^oC to 40^oC	250	250
	Stone or rocks, temperature difference 100^oC to 40^oC	40 - 50	100 - 150
	Iron, temperature difference 100^oC to 40^oC	30	230
Thermal Energy, high temperature	Stone or rocks, temperature difference 400^oC to 200^oC	160	430
Thermal Energy, high temperature	Iron, temperature difference 400^oC to 200^oC	100	800
Conventional Fuels Energy	Crude Oil	42000	37000
	Coal	32000	42000
	Dry Wood	12500 - 20000	10000 - 16000
Synthetic Fuels Energy	Hydrogen, gas	120000 - 142000	10
	Hydrogen, liquid	120000 - 142000	8700
	Methanol	21000	17000
	Ethanol	28000	22000
Electrochemical Energy	Lead-acid batteries	40 - 140	100 - 900
	Nickel-cadmium batteries	350	350
	Lithium ion batteries	700	1400
Mechanical Energy	Hydropower, 100 m head	1	1
	Compressed air		15
	Flywheel, steel	30 - 120	240 - 950
	Flywheel, composite materials	> 200	> 100

Capacitors - Stored Energy - Potential power and energy stored in capacitors.
Energy Accumulated in Heated Water - kWh - The amount of thermal energy stored in heated water.
Flywheels - Kinetic Energy - The kinetic energy stored in flywheels - the moment of inertia.
Hydropower - Power potential vs. head and flow rate.
Inductors - Stored Energy - Energy stored in a magnetic field.
Kinetic Energy - Energy possessed by an object's motion is kinetic energy.
Lead-Acid Batteries - Specific gravity and charge of lead acid batteries - temperature and efficiency.
Potential Energy - Hydropower - Elevation and potential energy in hydropower.
Specific Heat of common Substances - Specific heat of products like wet mud, granite, sandy clay, quartz sand and more.
Stone - Weight and Strength - Weight and strength of sandstone, granite, limestone, marble and slate.
Storing Thermal Heat in Materials - Energy stored as sensible heat in materials.
Units of Heat - BTU, Calorie and Joule - The most common units of heat BTU - British Thermal Unit, Calorie and Joule.