Solar System Constants
Properties and data for the Sun, the Earth and the Moon.
Earth
- mass : 5.98×1024 kg
- radius : 6.38×106 m
- period of orbit : 365.3 days
- radius of orbit : 149×109 m
- acceleration of gravity : 9.81 m/s2= 35 kph/s = 22 mph/s = 32 feet/s2
- escape velocity : 11.2×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 288 K
- surface pressure : 1.014 bar
Jupiter
- mass : 1.9×1027 kg
- radius : 71.5×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 25 m/s2
- escape velocity : 57.5×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 163 K
- surface pressure : >> 1000 bar
Mars
- mass : 6.42×1023 kg
- radius : 3.4×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 3.7 m/s2
- escape velocity : 5.1×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 208 K
- surface pressure : 0.007 bar
Mercury
- mass : 3.3×1023 kg
- radius : 2.44×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 3.7 m/s2<
- escape velocity : 4.3×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 440 K
- surface pressure : 1×10-15 bar
Moon
- mass : 7.35×1022 kg
- radius : 1.74×106 m
- period of orbit : 27.3 days
- radius of orbit : 0.38×109 m
- acceleration of gravity : aprox. 1/6 of acceleration of gravity on the earth ≈ 1.6 m/s2
- escape velocity : 2.4×103 m/s
Neptune
- mass : 1.02×1026 kg
- radius : 24.8×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 11 m/s2
- escape velocity : 24.4×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 73 K
Pluto
- mass : 1.30×1022 kg
- radius : 1.18×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 0.62 m/s2
- mean surface temperature : 48 K
Saturn
- mass : 5.69×1026 kg
- radius : 60.3×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 10 m/s2
- escape velocity : 35.4×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 133 K
- surface pressure : >> 1000 bar
Sun
- mass : 1.989×1030 kg
- diameter : 1390×106 m
- mean distance from the earth to the sun : approximately 1.5 × 1011 m, the Astronomical Unit - AU
- mean distance from the sun to Mars : 1.5 AU
- mean distance from the sun to Jupiter: 5.2 AU
- mean distance from the sun to Pluto: 40 AU
- distance to t he star nearest the sun Proxima Centauri: 270,000 AU
- acceleration of gravity : 270 m/s2
- escape velocity : 618×103 m/s
Uranus
- mass : 8.68×1025 kg
- radius : 25.6×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 8.9 m/s2
- escape velocity : 21.9×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 78 K
- surface pressure : >> 1000 bar
Venus
- mass : 4.87×1024 kg
- radius : 6.05×106 m
- acceleration of gravity : 8.9 m/s2
- escape velocity : 10.3×103 m/s
- mean surface temperature : 737 K
- surface pressure : 90 bar
Outside the Solar System
- mass of a neutron star : 2.8 - 6×1030 kg
- mass of a black hole : > 6×1030 kg
- mass of the Milky Way : 1.5 - 2×1042 kg
- mass of the observable university : ≈ 1053 kg
