Hot Water Heating System - Flow Temperature vs. Outside Temperature
Seasonal effects on hot-water heating systems flow temperatures
Seasonal effects - outside temperature - and operating boiler temperatures in typical two-pipe forced hot water systems are indicated in the table below:
It is common to design a hot-water heating system for a temperature drop of 20oC (36 oF) in heating elements and radiators at what is considered as minimum outside design temperatures.
Maximum boiler flow temperature is often set to 80oC (176oF) to avoid "burned dust" and accidentally injures on people when touching heaters. Outside design temperature depends on the actual location.
Boiler Flow Temperature (oC) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum Outside Design Temperature (oC) | Outside Temperature (oC) | ||||
-20 | -10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | |
-20 | 80 | 66 | 51 | 37 | 37 |
-10 | 80 | 58 | 37 | 37 | |
0 | 80 | 37 | 37 | ||
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