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Stress in Thick-Walled Tubes or Cylinders

Radial and tangential stress in thick-walled tubes or cylinders with closed ends - internal and external pressure

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When a thick-walled tube or cylinder is subjected to internal and external pressure a hoop and longitudinal stress are produced in the wall.

Online Thick Walled Pipe & Cylinder Calculator

The calculator below can be used to calculate the stress in tick walled pipes or cylinders with closed ends.

inside pressure (MPa, psi)

outside pressure (MPa, psi)

inside radius (mm, in)

outside radius (mm, in)

radius to point in the wall (mm, in)

Stress in Axial Direction

The stress in axial direction at a point in the tube or cylinder wall can be expressed as:

σa = (pi ri2 - po ro2 )/(ro2 - ri2)         (1)

where

σa = stress in axial direction (MPa, psi)

pi = internal pressure in the tube or cylinder (MPa, psi)

po = external pressure in the tube or cylinder (MPa, psi)

ri = internal radius of tube or cylinder (mm, in)

ro = external radius of tube or cylinder (mm, in)

Stress in Circumferential Direction - Hoop Stress

The stress in circumferential direction at a point in the tube or cylinder wall can be expressed as:

σc = [(pi ri2 - po ro2) / (ro2 - ri2)] - [ri2 ro2 (po - pi) / r2 (ro2 - ri2)]         (2)

where

σc = stress in circumferential direction (MPa, psi)

r = radius to point in tube or cylinder wall (mm, in)

maximum stress when  r = ri (inside pipe or cylinder)

Stress in Radial Direction

The stress in tangential direction at a point in the tube or cylinder wall can be expressed as:

σr = [(pi ri2 - po ro2) / (ro2 - ri2)] + [ri2 ro2 (po - pi) / r2 (ro2 - ri2)]         (3)

maximum stress when  r = ri (inside pipe or cylinder)

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Related Topics

  • Mechanics - Kinematics, forces, vectors, motion, momentum, energy and the dynamics of objects

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