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Water is commonly used to store thermal energy. Energy stored - or available - can be calculated as
E = cp dt m (1)
where
E = energy (kJ, Btu)
cp = specific heat capacity (kJ/kgoC, Btu/lb oF) (4.2 kJ/kgoC, 1 Btu/lbmoF for water)
dt = temperature difference between water stored and the surroundings (oC, oF))
m = mass of water (kg, lbm)
If water is heated to 90oC and surrounding temperature (where the energy can be transferred to) is 20oC - energy stored can be calculated as
E = 4.2 (kJ/kgoC) (90 (oC) - 20 (oC)) 1000 (liter) 1 (kg/liter)
= 294000 kJ
= 81.7 kWh

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