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Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion
Linear temperature expansion coefficients for some common materials as aluminum, copper, glass, iron and many more
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When an object is heated or cooled, its length changes by an amount proportional to the original length and the change in temperature.
Thermal expansion coefficients for some common materials are indicated in the table below:
| Product | Linear Temperature Expansion Coefficient - α- | |
|---|---|---|
| (10-6 m/m K) *) |
(10-6 in/in oF) *) | |
| ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) thermoplastic | 73.8 | 41 |
| ABS -glass fiber-reinforced | 30.4 | 17 |
| Acetal | 106.5 | 59.2 |
| Acetal - glass fiber-reinforced | 39.4 | 22 |
| Acrylic, sheet, cast | 81 | 45 |
| Acrylic, extruded | 234 | 130 |
| Alumina | 5.4 | 3.0 |
| Aluminum | 22.2 | 12.3 |
| Antimony | 10.4 | 5.8 |
| Arsenic | 4.7 | 2.6 |
| Barium | 20.6 | 11.4 |
| Benzocyclobutene | 42 | |
| Beryllium | 11.5 | 6.4 |
| Bismuth | 13 | 7.3 |
| Brass | 18.7 | 10.4 |
| Brick masonry | 5.5 | 3.1 |
| Bronze | 18.0 | 10.0 |
| Cadmium | 30 | 16.8 |
| Calcium | 22.3 | 12.4 |
| Cast Iron Gray | 10.8 | 6.0 |
| Cellulose acetate (CA) | 130 | 72.2 |
| Cellulose acetate butynate (CAB) | 80 - 95 | |
| Cellulose nitrate (CN) | 100 | 55.6 |
| Cement | 10.0 | 6.0 |
| Cerium | 5.2 | 2.9 |
| Chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) | 66.6 | 37 |
| Chromium | 6.2 | 3.4 |
| Clay tile structure | 5.9 | 3.3 |
| Cobalt | 12 | 6.7 |
| Concrete | 14.5 | 8.0 |
| Concrete structure | 9.8 | 5.5 |
| Constantan | 18.8 | 10.4 |
| Copper | 16.6 | 9.3 |
| Copper, Beryllium 25 | 17.8 | 9.9 |
| Corundum, sintered | 6.5 | 3.6 |
| Cupronickel 30% | 16.2 | 9 |
| Diamond (Carbon) | 1.18 | 0.66 |
| Duralumin | 23 | |
| Dysprosium | 9.9 | 5.5 |
| Ebonite | 76.6 | 42.8 |
| Epoxy, castings resins & compounds, unfilled | 55 | 31 |
| Erbium | 12.2 | 6.8 |
| Ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA) | 205 | 113.9 |
| Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) | 180 | 100 |
| Europium | 35 | 19.4 |
| Fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) | 135 | 75 |
| Gadolinium | 9 | 5 |
| Germanium | 6.1 | 3.4 |
| German silver | 18.4 | |
| Glass, hard | 5.9 | 3.3 |
| Glass, Pyrex | 4.0 | 2.2 |
| Glass, plate | 9.0 | 5.0 |
| Gold | 14.2 | 8.2 |
| Granite | 7.9 | 4.4 |
| Graphite, pure | 2 - 6 | 1.1 - 3.4 |
| Gunmetal | 18 | |
| Hafnium | 5.9 | 3.3 |
| Hard alloy K20 | 6 | 3.3 |
| Hastelloy C | 11.3 | 6.3 |
| Holmium | 11.2 | 6.2 |
| Ice | 51 | 28.3 |
| Inconel | 12.6 | 7.0 |
| Indium | 33 | 18.3 |
| Invar | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| Iridium | 6.4 | 3.6 |
| Iron, pure | 12.0 | 6.7 |
| Iron, cast | 10.4 | 5.9 |
| Iron, forged | 11.3 | 6.3 |
| Kapton | 20 | |
| Lanthanum | 12.1 | 6.7 |
| Lead | 28.0 | 15.1 |
| Limestone | 8 | 4.4 |
| Lithium | 46 | 25.6 |
| Lutetium | 9.9 | 5.5 |
| Macor | 9.3 | |
| Magnesium | 25 | 14 |
| Manganese | 22 | 12.3 |
| Marble | 5.5 - 14.1 | 3.1 - 7.9 |
| Masonry | 4.7 - 9.0 | 2.6 - 5.0 |
| Mercury | 61 | |
| Mica | 3 | 1.7 |
| Molybdenum | 5 | 2.8 |
| Monel | 13.5 | 7.5 |
| Mortar | 7.3 - 13.5 | 4.1-7.5 |
| Neodymium | 9.6 | 5.3 |
| Nickel | 13.0 | 7.2 |
| Niobium (Columbium) | 7 | 3.9 |
| Nylon, general purpose | 72 | 40 |
| Nylon, Type 11, molding and extruding compound | 100 | 55.6 |
| Nylon, Type 12, molding and extruding compound | 80.5 | 44.7 |
| Nylon, Type 6, cast | 85 | 47.2 |
| Nylon, Type 6/6, molding compound | 80 | 44.4 |
| Oak | 54 | |
| Osmium | 5 | 2.8 |
| Palladium | 11.8 | 6.6 |
| Phenolic resin without fillers | 80 | 44.4 |
| Phosphor bronze | 16.7 | |
| Plaster | 16.4 | 9.2 |
| Platinum | 9.0 | 5.0 |
| Plutonium | 54 | 30.2 |
| Polyallomer | 91.5 | 50.8 |
| Polyamide (PA) | 110 | 61.1 |
| Polybutylene (PB) | 72 | |
| Polycarbonate (PC) | 70.2 | 39 |
| Polycarbonate - glass fiber-reinforced | 21.5 | 12 |
| Polyester | 123.5 | 69 |
| Polyester - glass fiber-reinforced | 25 | 14 |
| Polyethylene (PE) | 200 | 111 |
| Polyethylene (PE) - High Molecular Weight | 60 | |
| Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | 59.4 | 33 |
| Polyphenylene - glass fiber-reinforced | 35.8 | 20 |
| Polypropylene (PP), unfilled | 100 - 200 | 56 - 112 |
| Polypropylene - glass fiber-reinforced | 32 | 18 |
| Polystyrene (PS) | 70 | 38.9 |
| Polysulfone (PSO) | 55.8 | 31 |
| Polyurethane (PUR), rigid | 57.6 | 32 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | 50.4 | 28 |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) | 127.8 | 71 |
| Porcelain, Industrial | 6.5 | 3.6 |
| Potassium | 83 | 46.1 |
| Praseodymium | 6.7 | 3.7 |
| Promethium | 11 | 6.1 |
| Quartz | 0.77 - 1.4 | 0.43 - 0.79 |
| Rhenium | 6.7 | 3.7 |
| Rhodium | 8 | 4.5 |
| Rubber, hard | 77 | 42.8 |
| Ruthenium | 9.1 | 5.1 |
| Samarium | 12.7 | 7.1 |
| Sandstone | 11.6 | 6.5 |
| Sapphire | 5.3 | |
| Scandium | 10.2 | 5.7 |
| Selenium | 3.8 | 2.1 |
| Silicon | 3 | 1.7 |
| Silicon Carbide | 2.77 | |
| Silver | 19.5 | 10.7 |
| Sitall | 0.15 | |
| Slate | 10.4 | 5.8 |
| Sodium | 70 | 39.1 |
| Solder 50 - 50 | 24.0 | 13.4 |
| Steatite | 8.5 | 4.7 |
| Steel | 13.0 | 7.3 |
| Steel Stainless Austenitic (304) | 17.3 | 9.6 |
| Steel Stainless Austenitic (310) | 14.4 | 8.0 |
| Steel Stainless Austenitic (316) | 16.0 | 8.9 |
| Steel Stainless Ferritic (410) | 9.9 | 5.5 |
| Strontium | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| Tantalum | 6.5 | 3.6 |
| Tellurium | 36.9 | 20.5 |
| Terbium | 10.3 | 5.7 |
| Terne | 11.6 | 6.5 |
| Thallium | 29.9 | 16.6 |
| Thorium | 12 | 6.7 |
| Thulium | 13.3 | 7.4 |
| Tin | 23.4 | 13.0 |
| Titanium | 8.6 | 4.8 |
| Tungsten | 4.3 | 2.4 |
| Uranium | 13.9 | 7.7 |
| Vanadium | 8 | 4.5 |
| Vinyl Ester | 16 - 22 | 8.7 - 12 |
| Wood, fir | 3.7 | 2.1 |
| Wood, oak parallel to grain | 4.9 | 2.7 |
| Wood, oak across to grain | 5.4 | 3.0 |
| Wood, pine | 5 | 2.8 |
| Ytterbium | 26.3 | 14.6 |
| Yttrium | 10.6 | 5.9 |
| Zinc | 29.7 | 16.5 |
| Zirconium | 5.7 | 3.2 |
*) m/m = meter per meter, in/in = inches per inches
Most values at 25oC (77oF).
- T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]
- 1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm
- 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
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