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The chiller efficiency depends on the energy consumed. Absorption chillers are rated in fuel consumption per ton cooling. Electric motor driven chillers are rated in kilowatts per ton cooling.
If a chillers efficiency is rated at 1 KW/ton,
The term kW/ton is commonly used for larger commercial and industrial air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration systems.
The term is defined as the ratio of energy consumption in kW to the rate of heat removal in tons at the rated condition. The lower the kW/ton the more efficient the system.
kW/ton = Pc / Er (1)
where
Pc = energy consumption (kW)
Er = heat removed (ton)
The Coefficient of Performance - COP - is the basic parameter used to report efficiency of refrigerant based systems.
The Coefficient of Performance - COP - is the ratio between useful energy acquired and energy applied and can be expressed as
COP = Eu / Ea (2)
where
COP = coefficient of performance
Eu = useful energy acquired (btu in imperial units)
Ea = energy applied (btu in imperial units)
COP can be used to define both cooling efficiencies or heating efficiencies as for a heat pumps.
COP can be used to define the efficiency at single standard or non-standard rated conditions, or as a weighted average of seasonal conditions. The term may or may not include the energy consumption of auxiliary systems such as indoor or outdoor fans, chilled water pumps, or cooling tower systems.
COP can be treated as an efficiency where COP of 2.00 = 200% efficiency. For unitary heat pumps, ratings at two standard outdoor temperatures of 47oF and 17oF (8.3oC and -8.3oC) are typically used.
The Energy Efficiency Ratio - EER - is a term generally used to define cooling efficiencies of unitary air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
The efficiency is determined at a single rated condition specified by an appropriate equipment standard and is defined as the ratio of net cooling capacity - or heat removed in Btu/h - to the total input rate of electric energy applied - in watt hour. The units of EER are Btu/Wh.
EER = Ec / Pa (3)
where
EER = energy efficient ratio (Btu/Wh)
Ec = net cooling capacity (Btu/h)
Pa = applied energy (Watts)
This efficiency term typically includes the energy requirement of auxiliary systems such as the indoor and outdoor fans.
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