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The heat gained from lights in a modern office or production area may be of an significant amount. Heat emitted to the room depends on
The preferred light level in a room depends primarily on the type of activity. For common office work the level may be in the range of 500 - 1000 lux.
Unless special arrangements as local cooling or air outlets through the lighting equipment are used, the electric power to the lights are converted to heat emitted to the room. Required electric power to achieve a recommended light level can be estimated as
P = b / (ηe ηr ls) (1)
where
P = installed electric power (W/m2 floor area)
b = recommended light level (lux, lumen/m2)
ηe = light equipment efficiency
ηr = room lighting efficiency
ls = emitted light from the source (lumen/W)
The purpose of a lamp is to convert electrical power (Watts) into light (lumens). Lamps do this with varying efficiencies and the light emitted from a source depends on the type of source.
Typical efficiency of different lamp types are indicated in the table below:
| Lamp Type | Emitted Light from The Source (lumen/Watt) |
Lifetime (hours) |
| GLS Bulbs | 10 - 15 | 1,000 |
| Low Voltage Halogen | 20 | 2,000 - 5,000 |
| Mercury Vapor | 40 - 60 | 22,000 |
| Fluorescent | 50 - 90 | more than 7,000 |
| Metal Halide | 70 - 90 | more than 12,000 |
| High Pressure Sodium | 90 - 125 | 25,000 |
| Low Pressure Sodium | 120 - 200 | 20,000 |
Light equipment efficiency express how much of the light is really emitted from the light to the room.
A bare fluorescent tube emits 100% to the room. A shielded tube emit less - 50% to 80% is common.
The room lightning efficiency express how much of the light is absorbed by the room before entering the activity area.
Light Equipment Efficiency and Room Lightning Efficiency influences each other. Common values of the product ηe ηr are in the range 0.3 - 0.6.
1,000 lux is recommended light level in a office where detailed drawing work is performed. The room and lightning equipment efficiency an be set to 0.5.
Using standard GLS bulbs - the electric power for lightning can be calculated
P = (1,000 lumen/m2) / (0.5 (10 lumen/W))
= 200 W/m2
Using standard fluorescent tubes - the electric power for lightning can be calculated
P = (1,000 lumen/m2) / (0.5 (60 lumen/W))
= 33.3 W/m2
Due to the high energy consumption and the major impact on air condition heat loads, standard GLS bulbs is not an alternative in high illuminance applications.
The table below indicates typically installed electrical effect with different light levels
| Installed effect (W) | Illumination - Light Level (lux) | ||||
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 | |
| Incandescent GLS bulb lamp | 40 | 80 | 120 | 160 | 200 |
| Fluorescent tubes | 6.7 | 13.3 | 20 | 26.7 | 33.3 |
Note! Datasheets from manufacturers should always be consulted before detailed engineering. The numbers above do for rough
preliminary calculations.
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