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Surface Tension
Surface tension of some common liquids like water, mercury, oils and more
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Surface tension is the energy required to stretch a unit change of a surface area. Surface tension will form a drop of liquid to a sphere since the sphere offers the smallest area for a definite volume.
Surface tension can be defined as
σ = Fs / l (1)
where
σ = surface tension (N/m)
Fs = stretching force (N)
l = unit length (m)
Alternative Units
Alternatively, surface tension is typically measured in dynes/cm, which is
- the force in dynes required to break a film of length 1 cm
or as surface energy J/m2 or alternatively ergs per square centimeter.
- 1 dynes/cm = 0.001 N/m = 0.0000685 lbf/ft = 0.571 10-5 lbf/in = 0.0022 poundal/ft = 0.00018 poundal/in = 1.0 mN/m = 0.001 J/m2 = 1.0 erg/cm2 = 0.00010197 kgf/m
Common Imperial units used are lb/ft and lb/in.
Surface Tension of Water
Water surface tension at different temperatures can be taken from the table below:
| Temperature (oC) |
Surface Tension - σ - (N/m) |
| 0 | 0.0757 |
| 10 | 0.0742 |
| 20 | 0.0728 |
| 30 | 0.0712 |
| 40 | 0.0696 |
| 50 | 0.0679 |
| 60 | 0.0662 |
| 70 | 0.0644 |
| 80 | 0.0626 |
| 90 | 0.0608 |
| 100 | 0.0588 |
Surface Tension of some common Fluids
- benzene : 0.0289 (N/m)
- diethyl ether : 0.0728 (N/m)
- carbon tetrachloride : 0.027 (N/m)
- chloroform : 0.0271 (N/m)
- ethanol : 0.0221 (N/m)
- ethylene glycol : 0.0477 (N/m)
- glycerol : 0.064 (N/m)
- mercury : 0.425 (N/m)
- methanol : 0.0227 (N/m)
- propanol : 0.0237 (N/m)
- toluene : 0.0284 (N/m)
- water at 20oC : 0.0729 (N/m)
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Related Topics
- Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density and temperature, as functions of space and time.
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Related Documents
- Capillarity - Capillarity or capillary action is the ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upwards against the force of gravity
- Surface Tension of Water in contact with Air - Surface tension of water in contact with air for temperatures ranging 0 - 100 oC (32 - 212 oF) - in imperial units (BG units) and SI units
